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Filsafat analitik


Filsafat analitik punika aliran utawi tradisi jangkep wonten ing filsafat ingkang gefokus dhateng analisis, ingkang sampun dominan wonten ing filsafat Kulon wiwit setengah kaping kalih abad kaping 20.[1][2][3] Filsafat analitik dipuntandaaken kalihan kemengan prosa saha kerigorusan wonten ing argumen-argumen, ngginakaken logika formal saha matematika, saha kanthi derajat ingkang langkung alit, sains.[4][5] Filsafat analitik asring dipun kontrasaken kaliyan filsafat kontinental, dipun reyang minangka istilah kangge ngumpulaken metode sanes, ingkang mekar wonten ing Eropa daratan, ingkang paling misuwur inggih punika eksistensialisme, fenomenologi, saha Hegelianisme.[6][7] Tradisi punika dipunkritik amargi formalisme ingkang kedalon, ahistorismenya, saha jarak-ipun saking disiplin saha pihak sanes.[8][9][10][11]

Pambuktian yen 1 + 1 = 2, dening Bertrand Russell lan A. N. Whitehead saking Principia Mathematica, buku ingkang misuwur ing wiwitipun aliran filsafat analitik modheren.

Kathahipun analisis wonten ing filsafat dipunwiwiti kirang langkung wiwit gansal abad kaping 20 wonten ing jaman kontemporer ing Jerman, Karajan Inggris, Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Australia, Selandia Anyar, saha Skandinavia. Punika asring dipunwastani minangka "putaran basa" (linguistic turn), amargi fokus ingkang lengkah dhateng semantik, analisis konseptual, saha representasi formal basa alamiah, ingkang ngrembaka dados pinten-pinten cabang enggal filsafat, ingkang paling wigati inggih logika predikat Modern, filsafat matematika saha logika matematika, saha filsafat sains.[12][13]

Tokoh sentral wonten ing perwadahan historisipun inggih Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, saha Ludwig Wittgenstein. Tokoh sanes ingkang wigati wonten ing sejarahipun kalebet positivis logis (mliginipun Rudolf Carnap), W. V. O. Quine, Karl Popper, saha filsafat basa padintenan (kadosdene Gilbert Ryle utawi J. L. Austin). Sasampunipun kemunduran positivisme logis, Saul Kripke, David Lewis, saha tiyang sanes nglajengaken renaisans wonten ing metafisika. Alvin Plantinga nglajengaken renaisans wonten ing filsafat Kristen. Elizabeth Anscombe, Peter Geach, Anthony Kenny, saha tiyang sanes ngembangaken pendekatan analitik dhateng Thomisme.

Sitiran besut

  1. ↑ Vienne, J.M. (1997). Philosophie analytique et histoire de la philosophie: actes du colloque (Université de Nantes, 1991). Problèmes et controverses (ing basa Prancis). J. Vrin. kc. 140. ISBN 978-2-7116-1312-0. Dibukak ing 2023-08-28.
  2. ↑ Luft, S. (2019). Philosophie lehren: Ein Buch zur philosophischen Hochschuldidaktik (ing basa Jérman). Felix Meiner Verlag. kc. 258. ISBN 978-3-7873-3766-8. Dibukak ing 2023-08-28.
  3. ↑ Glock, H.J. (2008). What is Analytic Philosophy?. Cambridge University Press. kc. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-87267-6. Dibukak ing 2023-08-28.
  4. ↑ Glock, H.J. (2004). "Was Wittgenstein an Analytic Philosopher?". Metaphilosophy. 35 (4): 419–444. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2004.00329.x.
  5. ↑ Colin McGinn, The Making of a Philosopher: My Journey through Twentieth-Century Philosophy (HarperCollins, 2002), p. xi.: "analytical philosophy [is] too narrow a label, since [it] is not generally a matter of taking a word or concept and analyzing it (whatever exactly that might be). [...] This tradition emphasizes clarity, rigor, argument, theory, truth. It is not a tradition that aims primarily for inspiration or consolation or ideology. Nor is it particularly concerned with 'philosophy of life', though parts of it are. This kind of philosophy is more like science than religion, more like mathematics than poetry—though it is neither science nor mathematics."
  6. ↑ A.C. Grayling (ed.), Philosophy 2: Further through the Subject (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 2: "Analytic philosophy is mainly associated with the contemporary English-speaking world, but it is by no means the only important philosophical tradition. In this volume two other immensely rich and important such traditions are introduced: Indian philosophy, and philosophical thought in Europe from the time of Hegel." L.J. Cohen, The Dialogue of Reason: An Analysis of Analytical Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 5: "So, despite a few overlaps, analytical philosophy is not difficult to distinguish broadly [...] from other modern movements, like phenomenology, say, or existentialism, or from the large amount of philosophizing that has also gone on in the present century within frameworks deriving from other influential thinkers like Aquinas, Hegel, or Marx." H.-J. Glock, What Is Analytic Philosophy? (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 86: "Most non-analytic philosophers of the twentieth century do not belong to continental philosophy."
  7. ↑ Critchley, Simon (2001). Continental philosophy a very short introduction. Oxford University Press. OCLC 1200924441. [...]the distinction rests upon a confusion of geographical and methodological terms, as if one were to classify cars into front-wheel drive and Japanese. [...] the distinction between analytic and Continental philosophy rests upon a confused comparison of methodological and geographical categories.
  8. ↑ Glock, H.J. (2008). What is Analytic Philosophy?. Cambridge University Press. kc. 231. ISBN 978-0-521-87267-6. Dibukak ing 2023-08-28.
  9. ↑ Akehurst, Thomas L. (2009-03-01). "Writing history for the ahistorical: Analytic philosophy and its past". History of European Ideas. 35 (1): 116–121. doi:10.1016/j.histeuroideas.2008.09.002. ISSN 0191-6599. S2CID 143566283.
  10. ↑ Beaney, Michael (2013-06-20). Beaney, Michael (èd.). "The Historiography of Analytic Philosophy". The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy (ing basa Inggris). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238842.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-923884-2. Dibukak ing 2022-02-18.
  11. ↑ Koopman, Colin. "Bernard Williams on Philosophy's Need for History" (PDF). pages.uoregon.edu. Dibukak ing 2022-03-01.
  12. ↑ See, e.g., Avrum Stroll, Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy (Columbia University Press, 2000), p. 5: "[I]t is difficult to give a precise definition of 'analytic philosophy' since it is not so much a specific doctrine as a loose concatenation of approaches to problems." Also, see Stroll (2000), p. 7: "I think Sluga is right in saying 'it may be hopeless to try to determine the essence of analytic philosophy.' Nearly every proposed definition has been challenged by some scholar. [...] [W]e are dealing with a family resemblance concept."
  13. ↑ See Hans-Johann Glock, What Is Analytic Philosophy? (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 205: "The answer to the title question, then, is that analytic philosophy is a tradition held together both by ties of mutual influence and by family resemblances."
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