Hanyu Pinyin: Béda antara owahan

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→‎Final: corrrected according to Lee and Zee (2003) and Duanmu (2007)
→‎Final: replace with better table that lists according to medial and coda, as this is not biased to phonological interpretation
Larik 109:
=== Final ===
{{mandarin vowels}}
Tabel ig ngisor iki mènèhi kombinasi medial lan pungkasn (final) miturut analisis sing duwé asumsi mung loro nuclei vowel, /a/ lan /ə/;<ref name="Hashimoto">{{Cite book
|first=Mantaro
|last=Hashimoto
|editor-first=Roman
|editor-last=Jakobson
|editor-link=Roman Jacobson
|editor2-first=Shigeo
|editor2-last=Kawamoto
|contribution=Notes on Mandarin Phonology
|title=Studies in General and Oriental Linguistics
|pages=207–220
|place=Tokyo
|publisher=TEC
|year=1970
|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}
}}</ref> various allophones result depending on phonetic context.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto;"
|-
!colspan=2|Final!! colspanrowspan=42|Medial
!colspan=12|Coda
|-
!colspan=3|∅!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/i/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/u/}}!!colspan=2|{{IPA|/n/}}!!colspan=3|{{IPA|/ŋ/}}
!Nucleus
!Coda
|∅||{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|y}}
|-
!rowspan=4|Medial
|rowspan=5 style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|/a/}}||style="background:#efefef"|∅||{{IPA|[a]}}<br />a<br />-a||{{IPA|[i̯a]}}<br />ya<br />-ia||{{IPA|[u̯a]}}<br />wa<br />-ua||
!∅
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n[ɨ]}}<br><br>-i||{{IPA|[ənɤ]}}<br />ene<br />-en|| e||{{IPA|[u̯əna]}}<br />wena<br />-un||a
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|[ei̯]}}<br />ei<br />-ei|| ||{{IPA|[u̯ei̯æi̯]}}<br />weiai<br />-ui||ai
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|[ou̯]}}<br />ou<br />-ou||{{IPA|[i̯ou̯ɑu̯]}}<br />youao<br />-iu|| ||ao
|{{IPA|[ən]}}<br>en<br>-en||{{IPA|[æn]}}<br>an<br>-an
|{{IPA|[ʊŋ]}}<br><br>-ong||{{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br>eng<br>-eng||{{IPA|[ɑŋ]}}<br>ang<br>-ang
|-
!{{IPA|/i/}}
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|[æi̯]}}<br />ai<br />-ai|| ||{{IPA|[u̯æi̯]}}<br />wai<br />-uai||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ[i]}}|| || <br>yi<br>-i||{{IPA|[ʊŋi̯e]}}<br />ye<br />-ongie||{{IPA|[i̯ʊŋi̯a]}}<br />yongya<br />-iongia
| ||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|[ɑu̯i̯ou̯]}}<br />aoyou<br />-aoiu||{{IPA|[i̯ɑu̯]}}<br />yao<br />-iao|| ||
|{{IPA|[in]}}<br>yin<br>-in||{{IPA|[i̯ɛn]}}<br>yan<br>-ian
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ}}||{{IPA|[əŋi̯ʊŋ]}}<br />engyong<br />-engiong||{{IPA|[i̯əŋ]}}<br />ying<br />-ing||{{IPA|[u̯əŋi̯ɑŋ]}}<br />wengyang<br />&nbsp;||-iang
|-
!{{IPA|/u/}}
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|[ɑu̯]}}<br />ao<br />-ao||{{IPA|[i̯ɑu̯]}}<br />yao<br />-iao|| ||
|{{IPA|[u]}}<br>wu<br>-u||{{IPA|[u̯o]}}<br>wo<br>-uo <sup>3</sup>||{{IPA|[u̯a]}}<br>wa<br>-ua
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|[æi̯u̯ei̯]}}<br />aiwei<br />-ai|| ui||{{IPA|[u̯æi̯]}}<br />wai<br />-uai||
| ||
|{{IPA|[u̯ən]}}<br>wen<br>-un||{{IPA|[u̯æn]}}<br>wan<br>-uan
| ||{{IPA|[u̯əŋ]}}<br>weng<br>&nbsp;||{{IPA|[u̯ɑŋ]}}<br>wang<br>-uang
|-
!{{IPA|/y/}}
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n}}||{{IPA|[æn]}}<br />an<br />-an||{{IPA|[i̯ɛn]}}<br />yan<br />-ian||{{IPA|[u̯æn]}}<br />wan<br />-uan||{{IPA|[y̯ɛn]}}<br />yuan<br />-üan <sup>2</sup>
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n}}|| ||{{IPA|[iny]}}<br />yinyu<br>-ü <sup>2</sup>-in|| ||{{IPA|[yny̯e]}}<br />yunyue<br />-ünüe <sup>2</sup>||
|-
| ||
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ}}||{{IPA|[ɑŋ]}}<br />ang<br />-ang||{{IPA|[i̯ɑŋ]}}<br />yang<br />-iang||{{IPA|[u̯ɑŋ]}}<br />wang<br />-uang||
|- ||
|rowspan=5 style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|/ə/}}||style="background:#efefef"|∅||{{IPA|[ɯ̯ɤyn]}}<br />eyun<br />-e||{{IPA|[i̯e]}}<br />ye<br />-ie||{{IPA|[u̯o]}}ün <sup>32</sup><br />wo<br />-uo/-o||{{IPA|[y̯ey̯ɛn]}}<br />yueyuan<br />-üeüan <sup>2</sup>
| || ||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|[ei̯]}}<br />ei<br />-ei|| ||{{IPA|[u̯ei̯]}}<br />wei<br />-ui||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|[ou̯]}}<br />ou<br />-ou||{{IPA|[i̯ou̯]}}<br />you<br />-iu|| ||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n}}||{{IPA|[ən]}}<br />en<br />-en|| ||{{IPA|[u̯ən]}}<br />wen<br />-un||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ}}||{{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br />eng<br />-eng||{{IPA|[i̯əŋ]}}<br />ying<br />-ing||{{IPA|[u̯əŋ]}}<br />weng<br />&nbsp;||
|-
|rowspan=3 style="background:#efefef"|∅||style="background:#efefef"|∅||{{IPA|[ɨ]}}<br /><br />-i||{{IPA|[i]}}<br />yi<br />-i||{{IPA|[u]}}<br />wu<br />-u||{{IPA|[y]}}<br />yu<br />-ü <sup>2</sup>
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n}}|| ||{{IPA|[in]}}<br />yin<br />-in|| ||{{IPA|[yn]}}<br />yun<br />-ün <sup>2</sup>
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ}}|| || ||{{IPA|[ʊŋ]}}<br /><br />-ong||{{IPA|[i̯ʊŋ]}}<br />yong<br />-iong
|}
<sup>1</sup> {{IPA|[ɑɻ]}} is written ''er''. For other finals formed by the suffix -r, pinyin does not use special orthography; one simply appends -r to the final that it is added to, without regard for any sound changes that may take place along the way. For information on sound changes related to final -r, please see [[Erhua#Rules]].<br />