Atom: Béda antara owahan

 

Adhedhasar asil panalitèné marang [[sinar katode]], nalika taun 1897 [[J. J. Thomson]] nemu èlèktron lan sipat-sipat subatomiké. Iki ngruntuhaké konsèp atom minangka satuan kang ora bisa dibagi-bagi manèh.<ref name="nobel1096">{{cite web

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/thomson-bio.html

| title=J.J. Thomson | publisher=Nobelprize.org

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1921/soddy-bio.html

| title=Frederick Soddy, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921

| accessdate=2008-01-18

}}</ref> Istilah [[isotop]] banjur diciptakaké déning [[Margaret Todd]] minangka jeneng kang trep kanggo atom-atom kang béda nanging arupa sawijining unsur kang padha. J.J. Thomson sabanjuré nemu tèhnik kanggo misahaké jinis-jinis atom kasebut lumantar asil kerjané ing gas kang kaionisasi.<ref>{{cite journal

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-lecture.html

| title=Niels Bohr, The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922, Nobel Lecture

| accessdate=2008-02-16 }}</ref>

 

| last=Chadwick | first=James | date=December 12, 1935

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1935/chadwick-lecture.html

| accessdate=2007-12-21 }}</ref>

 

| last=Kullander | first=Sven | date=August 28, 2001

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/kullander/

| accessdate=2008-01-31 }}</ref> Neutron lan proton banjur dikawruhi minangka [[hadron]], ya iku komposit partikel-partikel cilik kang ingaran minangka [[kuark]]. Modhèl-modhèl standhar fisika nuklir banjur dikembangaké kanggo njelasaké sipat-sipat inti atom sajeroning babagan interaksi partikel subatom iki.<ref>{{cite web

| author=Staff | date=October 17, 1990

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1990/press.html

| title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990

| accessdate=2008-01-31 }}</ref>

 

| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/

| title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997

| accessdate=2008-02-10 }}</ref>