Basa Afrikaans: Béda antara owahan

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Top4Bot (parembugan | pasumbang)
→‎top: éjaan, replaced: ka- → angka
Top4Bot (parembugan | pasumbang)
éjaan, replaced: kasebut → mau, latian → gladhèn
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==Sajarah==
===Asal-usul===
Basa Afrikaans Tmula ana ing Koloni Landa ing laladan Cape (Tanjung), lumantar nyempal saka dhialèk Landa Eropa, sajeroning abad 18.<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/afrikaans.htm |title=Afrikaans |work=Omniglot |accessdate=22 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8437/Afrikaans-language |title=Afrikaans language |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=22 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831105055/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8437/Afrikaans-language|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no }}</ref> Ing pramila abad 18 lan nganti abad 20, Basa Afrikaans ing Basa Landa dianggep kanthi "kitchen language" utawa Basa Pawonan ({{lang-af|kombuistaal|links=no}}), lan kurang géngsiné, uga diarani basa ngisoré Basa Landa sing umum ''{{lang|nl|Kaaps Hollands}}'' ("Cape Dutch," i.e. Afrikaans) ''{{lang|nl|geradbraakt}}," ''{{lang|nl|gebroken}}'' anf ''{{lang|nl|onbeschaafd Hollands}}'' ("Basa Landa Ndhésa"), saliyané diarani ''{{lang|nl|verkeerd Nederlands}}'' ("Basa Landa Salah").<ref>Alatis, Hamilton, Ai-Hui Tan (2002). ''Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 2000: Linguistics, Language and the Professions: Education, Journalism, Law, Medicine, and Technology." Washington, DC: University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-373-8, p. 132.</ref><ref>Keith Brown and Sarah Ogilvie, eds. (2008). ''Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World." Oxford, UK: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7, p. 8.</ref> Kira-kira 90 nganti 95% tetembungan Basa Afrikaans mula saka Basa Landa,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIivedw-oZYC |title=Language and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics |accessdate=23 August 2008 |first=Rajend |last=Mesthrie |publisher=New Africa Books |page=214 |year=1995 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GeUUAAAAIAAJ |title=The Dutch Language: A Survey |page=132 |first=Pierre |last1=Brachin |first2=Paul |last2=Vincent |publisher=Brill Archive |accessdate=3 November 2008 |year=1985 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqaGb_SEQHUC |title=Language in South Africa |page=205 |accessdate=18 May 2010 |first=Rajend |last=Mesthrie |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2002 }}</ref> lan ana pambédha ing tetembungan antaraning rong basa iki;<ref>{{harvnb|Sebba|1997|p=161}}</ref> nanging Afrikaans duwé morpologi sing luwih katon,<ref name="holm"/> paramasastra lan éjan.<ref name="sebba">{{cite book |ref=harv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRT_jZl39AMC |title=Contact languages: pidgins and creoles |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=1997 }}</ref> Ana tataran silihmangertèn utawa [[mutual intelligibility]] antara rong basa kasebutmau,<ref name="holm">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC |title=Pidgins and Creoles: References survey |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first=John A. |last=Holm |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=338 |year=1989 }}</ref><ref name="baker">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC |title=Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first1=Colin |last1=Baker |first2=Sylvia |last2=Prys Jones |publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd. |page=302 |year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zlUp5Xuc8C |title=Language change: contributions to the study of its causes |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first1=Leiv |last1=Egil Breivik |first2=Ernst |last2=Håkon Jahr |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |page=232 |year=1987 }}</ref> mligané ing panulisan.<ref name="sebba"/><ref name="sebba2">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC |title=Spelling and society: the culture and politics of orthography around the world |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2007 }}</ref><ref name="gooskens"/>
 
Basa Afrikaans olèh njupuk silihan tetembungan lan paramasastra saka basa-basa liyané kaya ta acquired [[Basa Melayu]], [[Basa Khoisan]], [[Basa Portugis]],<ref name="deumert">{{cite book |ref=harv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ciimg5gGqQC |title=Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch |accessdate=10 November 2008 |work=Ana Deumert |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=2004 |page=22 }}</ref> lan [[Basa-basa Bantu]],<ref name="niesler">{{cite book |ref=harv |url=http://academic.sun.ac.za/su_clast/documents/SALALS2005.pdf |first1=Thomas |last1=Niesler |first2=Philippa |last2=Louw |first3=Justus |last3=Roux |year=2005 |title=Phonetic analysis of Afrikaans, English, Xhosa and Zulu using South African speech databases |journal=Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=459–474}}</ref> and Afrikaans has also been significantly influenced by [[South African English]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lycos.com/info/afrikaans--standard-afrikaans.html |title=Afrikaans: Standard Afrikaans |publisher=Lycos Retriever |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120182430/http://www.lycos.com/info/afrikaans--standard-afrikaans.html |archivedate=20 November 2011 }}</ref> Nanging, panyatur Basa Landa kerep ngadhepi luwih sithik kebingungan yèn ngrungokaké panyatur basa Afrikaans tinimbang kosok baliné.<ref name="gooskens"/><!--see page 460--> Silihpangertèn iki ora sepadan, amarga panyatur Basa Landa luwih bisa reti Afrikaans tinimbang sewaliké.<ref name="gooskens">{{cite journal |url=http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/publ_JMMD_2007.pdf |title=The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages |first1=Charlotte |last1=Gooskens |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume=28 |issue=6 |date=November 2007 |pages=445–467 |publisher=[[University of Groningen]] |accessdate=19 May 2010 }}</ref><!--see page 464--> Lumrahé, silihpangertèn antaraning Landa lan Afrikaans luwih gedhé tinimbang Landa lan [[Basa Frisia]]<ref name="thije">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8gIEN068J3gC |title=Receptive Multilingualism: Linguistic analyses, language policies and didactic concepts |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first1= Jan D. |last1=ten Thije |first2=Ludger |last2=Zeevaert |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |page=17 |year=2007}}</ref> utawa antaraning [[Basa-Basa Jermanik Lor]] kaya ta [[Basa]] lan [[Basa Swedia]].<ref name="gooskens"/><!--see page 463--> Panulis lan juru gurit Afrika Kidul ya iku Breyten Breytenbach, njajal nggambaraké adoh-adohing basa kanthi [[Dunya Panyatur Inggris]] lan nemu yèn bédhané Basa Landa Baku lan Afrikaans mèh padha karo antaraning Basa Inggris Baku [[Receive Pronunciation]] lan [[Basa Inggris Amérika Sarékat Kidul]].<ref>S. Linfield, interview in Salmagundi; 2000.</ref>
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Nalika kalawarti desain asal Inggris ya iku ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)|Wallpaper]]''<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM--> nggambarké basa Afrikaans dadi salah sawiji ‘’basa paling èlèk sakdunya’’ ing artikelé ing èdisi September 2005 bab [[Monumen Basa Afrikaans]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060216042054/http://business.iafrica.com/news/657706.htm Rupert snubs mag over Afrikaans slur], Business Africa, 5 December 2005.</ref> Milyarder Afrika Kidul ya iku [[Johann Rupert]] (pimpinan [[Richemont|Richemont Group]]), njawab karo narik kabèh iklan-iklané kaya ta [[Cartier SA|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)|Montblanc]] lan [[Alfred Dunhill]] saka kalawarti iku.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/afrikaans-stars-join-row-over-ugly-language-1.261058 Afrikaans stars join row over 'ugly language'] ''[[Cape Argus]]'', 10 December 2005.</ref> Panulisé, Bronwyn Davies iku wong Afrika Kidul panyatur [[Basa Inggris Afrika Kidul]].
 
Basa Landa Modern lan Afrikaans duwé 90 persèn tetembungan sing padha. Panyatur Afrikaans bisa reti lan sinau basa Landa mung sedhiluk. Panyatur basa Landa malah luwih rikat manèh yèn nyinaoni basa Afrikaans, amarga paramasastrané sing ringkes, nanging yèn mangertèni basa guneman rada suwé. Sawetara panyatur basa Afrikaans bisa sinau pangucapan basa Landa lumantar cara latiangladhèn sedhiluk. Iku sing nggampangaké perusahaan-perusahaan saka Walanda lan Bèlgia mbukak pusat télépon ing Afrika Kidul..<ref>[http://www.eprop.co.za/news/item/4489-SA-holds-its-own-in-global-call-centre-industry.html "SA holds its own in global call centre industry"], eProp Commercial Property News in South Africa.</ref>
 
== Rujukan ==