Negara berkembang: Béda antara owahan

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Digawé kanthi mertal kaca "Negara berkembang"
 
Tanpa ringkesan besutan
Larik 1:
'''Negara-negara berkembang''' minangka istilah sing umumeumumé digunakakedigunakaké kanggo nggambarakenggambaraké negara kanthi kesejahteraan materimatéri sing asor. Amarga ora ana definisidéfinisi tetep ''saka ''negara berkembang'' sing diakoni sacara internasional, tingkat pembangunanepembangunané bisa bedabéda-bedabéda ing negara berkembang. Sawetara negara berkembang duweduwé standar urip sing rata-rata dhuwur. <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.pearsonschool.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZ3R9&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbCategoryId=&PMDbProgramId=12881&level=4|title=Economics: Principles in Action|last=Sullivan|first=Arthur|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|year=2003|isbn=0-13-063085-3|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458|pages=471|coauthors=Steven M. Sheffrin}}</ref> <ref name="UN">{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#ftnc|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings (footnote C)|date=revised 17 October 2008|publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]|access-date=2008-12-30}}</ref>
 
Negara-negara sing nduwenduwé ekonomiékonomi luwih maju tinimbang negara-negara berkembang liyaneliyané, nanging ora nuduhakenuduhaké pratandha saka klompok negara-negara maju diklompokakediklompokaké minangka ''negara-negara industri anyar'' . <ref name="Globalization">{{Cite book|title=Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy|last=Paweł Bożyk|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|year=2006|isbn=0-75-464638-6|chapter=Newly Industrialized Countries}}</ref> <ref name="Limits">{{Cite book|title=The Limits of Convergence|last=Mauro F. Guillén|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-69-111633-4|chapter=Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor}}</ref> <ref name="AIA">{{Cite book|title=Geography, An Integrated Approach|last=Waugh|first=David|publisher=Nelson Thornes Ltd.|year=3rd edition 2000|isbn=0-17-444706-X|pages=563, 576–579, 633, and 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)}}</ref> <ref name="Principles">{{Cite book|title=Principles of Economics|last=Mankiw|first=N. Gregory|year=4th Edition 2007|isbn=0-32-422472-9}}</ref>
 
== Definisi ==
[[Kofi Annan]], mantan Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, netepakenetepaké menawa negara-negara berkembang dadi "negara-negara sing ngidini kabehkabèh warga masarakat bisa urip kanthi gratis lan sehatséhat ing lingkungan sing aman." <ref>[http://www.unescap.org/unis/press/G_05_00.htm G_05_00]</ref> Nanging miturut Divisi Statistik PBB :
 
: Ora ana konvénsi resmi kanggo netepakenetepaké negara utawa wilayah "maju" lan "berkembang" ing sistem [[Pasarékatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] . <ref name="UN">{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#ftnc|title=Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings (footnote C)|date=revised 17 October 2008|publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]|access-date=2008-12-30}}</ref>
 
Kajaba iku, PBB uga ujar:
 
: Penentuan "maju" lan "berkembang" mung kanggo statistik kanthi gampang lan ora nyatakakenyatakaké penilaian babagan tahap sing wis digayuh déning negara utawa wilayah ing prosesprosès pangembangan. <ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)]</ref>
 
== Pangukuran lan konsepkonsèp pangembangan ==
Pangembangan negara diukur indeksindèks statistik kayata penghasilan [[Per kapita|per kapita (saben wong)]] ( [[Prodhuk dhomèstik bruto|PDB]] ), pangarep-arep urip, tingkat literasi, lan liya-liyaneliyané. PBB wis ngembangakengembangaké [[Indhèks Pangembanging Manungsa|HDI]], minangka indikator statistik kanggo nyengkuyung tingkat pangembangan manungsa ing negara sing kadhaptar ing PBB.
 
Negara-negara berkembang umumeumumé negara - negara sing durung tekan levellèvel industrialisasi sing caket karo jumlah penduduk lan duweduwé taraf urip sing sedeng. Ana [[Analisis korélasi|hubungan sing]] kuwat antara penghasilan murah lan pangembangan [[Cacah jiwa|populasi sing]] dhuwur.
 
Konsep negara-negara berkembang bisa ditemokakeditemokaké (ing siji istilah utawa liyaneliyané) ing macem-macem sistem teori sing duweduwé macem-macem orientasiorièntasi - contonecontoné, teoritéori dekolonisasi, teologitéologi pembebasan, [[Marxisme]], anti-imperialisme, lan ekonomiékonomi politik .
 
== Rujukan ==