Étanol: Béda antara owahan
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Larik 151:
[[Pembakaran]] etanol bakal ngasilaké [[karbon dioksida]] lan [[banyu]]:
:C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(g) + 3 O<sub>2</sub>(g) → 2 CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O(l);(ΔH<sub>r</sub> = −1409 kJ/mol<ref>{{cite journal|title=Heats of Formation of Simple Organic Molecules|author=Frederick D. Rossini|journal=[[Ind. Eng. Chem.]]|year=1937|volume=29|issue=12|pages=1424–1430|doi=10.1021/ie50336a024}}</ref>)
== Panggawéan ==
[[Gambar:Ethanol Flasche.jpg|thumb|upright|94% etanol terdenaturasi ing sawijining botol kanggo kagunan rumah tangga]]
Etanol uga dikasilaké kanthi [[petrokimia]] lumantar hidrasi [[etilena]] utawa kanthi cara [[biologi]]s lumantar [[fermentasi]] gula karo [[ragi]].<ref name="Mills-Ecklund">Mills, G.A.; Ecklund, E.E. "{{cite journal |author=Mills GA, Ecklund EE |title=Alcohols as Components of Transportation Fuels |journal=Annual Review of Energy |volume=12 |issue= |pages=47–80 |year=1987 |doi=10.1146/annurev.eg.12.110187.000403 |url=http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.eg.12.110187.000403?journalCode=energy}}</ref>
=== Hidrasi etilena ===
Etanol kang digunakaké kanggo kabutuhan indhustri asring digawé saka senyawa petrokimia, mliginé yaiku lumantar hidrasi [[etilena]]:
:[[etilena|C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]]<sub>(g)</sub> + [[air|H<sub>2</sub>O]]<sub>(g)</sub> → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH<sub>(l)</sub>.
Katalisa kang digunakaké padatan yaiku [[asam fosfat]]<ref name=r_and_c>{{cite book|author=Roberts, John D.; Caserio, Marjorie C.|year=1977|publisher=W. A. Benjamin, Inc|title=Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry|isbn=0-8053-8329-8}}</ref>. Katalis ini digunakan pertama kali untuk produksi skala besar etanol oleh [[Shell Oil Company]] pada tahun 1947.<ref name="ECT4 820">{{cite encyclopedia |chapter=Ethanol |title=[[#Encyc_Chem|Encyclopedia of chemical technology]] |year=1991 |pages=82- |volume=9}}</ref> Reaksi iki dilakokaké kanthi tekanan uap kang luwih ing suhu 300 °C.
Proses suwékang tau digunakaké ing taun [[1930]] déning Union Carbide<ref name="ECT4 817">Lodgsdon, J.E. (1994). p. 817</ref> yaiku kanthi ngehidrasi etilena kanthi cara pra langsung lan ngreaksikaké karo [[asam sulfat]] pekat kanggo ngasilaké [[etil sulfat]]. Etil sulfat banjur di[[hidrolisis]] lan ngasilaké etanol:<ref name=s_and_h/>
:[[etilena|C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]] + [[asam sulfat|H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>]] → [[etil sulfat|CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>H]]
:[[etil sulfat|CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>H]] + [[air|H<sub>2</sub>O]] → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + [[asam sulfat|H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>]]
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