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[[Gambar:Nordic countries.GIF|thumb|Peta pulitik
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The region's five [[nation-state]]s and [[Nordic Council#Membership|three autonomous regions]] share much common history as well as common traits in their respective [[societies]], such as political systems and the [[Nordic model]]. Politically, Nordic countries do not form a separate entity, but they co-operate in the [[Nordic Council]]. Linguistically, the area is heterogeneous, with three unrelated language groups, the [[North Germanic]] branch of [[Indo-European languages]] and the [[Baltic-Finnic languages|Baltic-Finnic]] and [[Sami languages|Sami]] branches of [[Uralic languages]] as well as the [[Eskimo-Aleut]] language of [[Kalaallisut language|Kalaallisut]] spoken in [[Greenland]]. The Nordic countries have a combined population of approximately 25 million spread over a land area of 3.5 million km² (Greenland accounts for 60% of the total area).
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==Etymology and terminology==
The term 'Nordic Countries' is [[Etymology|derived]] from the [[French language|French]] term ''Pays Nordiques'' as an equivalent of the local terms ''Norden'' ([[Scandinavian languages]]), ''[[Pohjola]]'' / ''Pohjoismaat'' ([[Finnish language]]), ''Norðurlönd'' ([[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]) and ''Norðurlond'' ([[Faroese language|Faroese]]) with the meaning of "[[The North]](ern lands)".
In English usage, the term [[Scandinavia (disambiguation)|Scandinavia]] is sometimes used — though not consistently — as a synonym for the Nordic countries. From the 1850s, ''Scandinavia'' came to include, [[political geography|politically]] and [[cultural geography|cultural]]ly, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. [[Physical geography|Geographically]], the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]] includes mainland Sweden and mainland Norway, and also a part of Finland, while the [[Jutland Peninsula]] includes mainland Denmark and a small part of Germany. Denmark proper has not included any territory on the Scandinavian Peninsula since [[Treaty of Roskilde|1658]]). The [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Iceland]] are "Scandinavian" in the sense that they were settled by Scandinavians and speak Scandinavian languages, but geographically they are not part of Scandinavia. Finland was once part of Sweden, it has been significantly influenced by Swedish culture and [[Enontekiö|part of it]] is geographically part of Scandinavia whereas the Finnish language is not related to the Scandinavian languages. [[Greenland]] was settled by the Norse, and is currently part of the Danish realm, with the Danish language spoken by nearly all inhabitants, but geographically it is part of [[North America]].
In [[geology]], the term for the land area which lies above sea level on the [[Baltic shield]] (also known as the [[Fennoscandian Shield]]) is [[Fennoscandia]] (from the [[Latin]] toponyms ''[[Fennia]]'' and ''[[Scania]]'').
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{{see also|History of Finland|History of Iceland|History of Scandinavia}}
The Nordic countries are characterised by similar structures of their societies and cultural traits. This results not only from similar environmental realities and thus traditional livelihoods but also from a shared history.
During the [[Dark Ages]], what are now Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland shared a similar [[culture|cultural]], [[language|linguistic]] ([[Old Norse]]) and [[religion|religious]] ([[Norse mythology]]) environment. From ca. the 12th century onwards what is now Finland (linguistically [[Baltic-Finnic]] and broader [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]]) started sharing the common developments as it was increasingly integrated into the kingdom of Sweden. As another example of a deeply rooted unifying past could be taken the indigenous Sami lifestyle (linguistically Finno-Ugric) across what is now northern Norway, Sweden and Finland (and beyond). Indeed, all Nordic countries have minority groups deriving or claiming heritage of a population residing within another Nordic state.
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After establishing itself as one of the [[Great power]]s in Europe during the 17th century Sweden ultimately lost its foreign [[Dominions of Sweden|Dominions]] one by one. This process culminated in the loss of Finland to [[Russia]] in 1809 which became an autonomous [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Grand Duchy]] under the Russian [[tsar]].
The 19th century saw a personal union between Sweden and Norway which was dissolved in 1905 due to growing dissatisfaction from the Norwegian part. At the same time [[Scandinavism]] emerged in Scandinavia. This movement strove to unite the three Scandinavian countries into one kingdom without much success.
During [[World War I]] and in the midst of the [[Russian revolution of 1917]], Finland emerged for the first time as an independent nation and the perspective of a Nordic community replaced the idea of a united Scandinavia alone. During [[World War II]] in 1944, Iceland gained its independence from Denmark. The member states of the Nordic council (founded in 1952) had thus emerged.
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The Nordic countries share similar traits in the policies implemented under the postwar period, especially in the socioeconomic area. All Nordic countries have large tax-funded [[Welfare state|public welfare]] sectors and extensive socialist legislation. In most cases, this is due to the political ambitions of the many [[Social Democrats|Social Democrat]] governments that came to power during the interwar period in each of the Nordic countries.
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==== Kronologi
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=== Gendera ===
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== Populasi ==
{{Refimprove|date=December 2007}}
Populasi
1. [[Swedia]] - 9,142,817<br />
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The [[Northern Isles]] of [[Scotland]] - '''[[Orkney Islands|Orkney]]''' and '''[[Shetland Islands|Shetland]]''' - have a long-established Nordic identity. The islands were Norwegian [[Colony|colonies]] for more than 500 years, but ownership defaulted to the [[List of monarchs of Scotland|crown of Scotland]] in 1472 following non-payment of the marriage [[dowry]] of [[Margaret of Denmark]] and Norway, queen of [[James III of Scotland]].
During [[World War II]] Shetland and Orkney were important bases for the Norwegian armed forces in exile. The [[Shetland Bus]] was based in Shetland and smuggled refugees, agents and supplies to and from Norway.
In later years financial relations, particularly in the maritime industries, have been important. Cultural and sporting exchanges are frequent. A genetic survey showed that 60% of the male population of Shetland and Orkney had Norwegian genes.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
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| [[Flag of Shetland|Shetland]]
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Other regions of the [[British Isles]] have adopted symbols to allude to a similar Norse or [[Norse-Gaels|Norse-Gaelic]] heritage.
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