Tivoli, Italia: Béda antara owahan

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'''Tivoli''', cara klasik '''Tibur''', kuwiiku sawijining [[kutha]] kuna kang dumunung ing [[Provinsi Roma]], region [[Latium|Lazio]], [[Italia]], watara 30 &nbsp;km saka kutha [[Roma]]. Jembar wewengkon 68 &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> lan cacahing pedunungpadunung 65.999 jiwa kanthi kapadhetan 971 jiwa/km<sup>2</sup>.
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==History==
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===Roman Tibur===
[[Image:Adam Elsheimer 006.jpg|thumb|left|Landscape with the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, by Adam Elsheimer, ''c.'' 1600]]
At first an independent ally of [[History of Rome|Rome]], Tibur allied itself with the [[Gauls]] in [[361 BC]]. Vestiges remain of its defensive walls of this period, in ''opus quadrata''. In [[338 BC]], however, Tibur was defeated and absorbed by the Romans. The city acquired Roman citizenship in [[90 BC]] and became a resort area famed for its beauty and its copious good water, and was enriched by many [[Roman villa]]s. The most famous one, of which the ruins remain, is the ''Villa Adriana'' ([[Hadrian's Villa]]). [[Maecenas]] and [[Augustus]] also had villas at Tibur, and the poet [[Horace]] had a modest villa: he and [[Catullus]] and [[Statius]] all mention Tibur in their poems. In [[273]], [[Zenobia]], the captive queen of [[Palmyra]], was assigned a residence here by the Emperor [[Aurelian]]. The 2nd-century temples of Hercules Victor is currently in the process of being excavated. The present Diazza del Duomo occupies the Roman forum.
 
[[Image:Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich 007.jpg|thumb|Waterfalls of Tivoli, Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, 1745–1750.]]
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[[Image:rocca.pia.castle.in.tivoli.arp.jpg|thumb|left|The castle of Rocca Pia, built in 1461 by [[Pope Pius II]]]]
===Renaissance Tivoli===
During the [[Renaissance]] popes and cardinals did not limit their embellishment program to Rome, and erected several buildings in Tivoli also. In [[1461]] [[Pope Pius II]] built the massive Rocca Pia to control the always riotous population, and as a symbol of the permanence of papal temporal power here.
 
From the [[16th centuries]] the environs of the city saw further villa construction. The most famous of these is the [[Villa d'Este]], begun in [[1549]] by [[Pirro Ligorio]] for Cardinal [[Ippolito II d'Este]] and richly decorated with an ambitious program of [[fresco]]es by the [[Zuccari]] brothers and other. In [[1527]] Tivoli was sacked by bands of the supporters of the [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|emperor]] and the [[Colonna]], important archives being destroyed during the attack. In [[1547]] it was again occupied, by the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba|Duke of Alba]] in a war against [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]], and in [[1744]] by the [[Austria]]ns.
 
In [[1835]] [[Pope Gregory XVI]] added the [[Villa Gregoriana]], a villa complex pivoting around the Aniene's falls. These were created through a tunnel in the Monte Catillo, to give an outlet to the waters of the Aniene sufficient to preserve the city from inundations like the devastating one of [[1826]].
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== Demografi ==
'''Tuwuhing pedunungpadunung'''
 
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== Pemandhangan wigati ==
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* [http://panoramiques.net/accueil.php?mots=tivoli Tivoli Villa d'Este Villa d'Adrien 360 panoramas] {{fr icon}}
 
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{{Provinsi Roma}}
{{Latium}}
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[[Kategori:Geografi]]
[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya ing Italia]]
 
 
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