Gréja Ortodhok: Béda antara owahan

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Larik 1:
[[Gambar:Christ the Savior Cathedral Moscow.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Katedral Kristus Sang Juru Wilujeng ing Moskow, Gréja Ortodoks paling dhuwur ing donya.]]
{{Christianity}}
'''[[Gréja]] [[Ortodoks]]''', iku [[Dhénominasi Kristen|dhénominasi]] gréja Kristen sing pandhèrèk utamané ana ing [[Éropah Wétan]] lan dhaérahlaladan pesisir wétan [[Laut Tengah]]. Saliyané iku, Gréja Ortodoks uga ana ing [[India]], [[Jepang]], lan saiki uga ing Indonésia.
 
'''Gréja Ortodoks Wétan''', sacara resmi disebut '''Gréja Katulik Ortodoks'''{{#tag:ref|Gréja Ortodoks nganggep dhèwèké dadi kaloroné, [[ortodoksi|ortodoks]] lan [[katulik]]. Ing panggunan patristik lan sadurungé, Gréja biyasané nyebut dhèwèké minangka "Gréja Katulik"<ref>{{cite book| author = Erwin Fahlbusch| coauthors = Geoffrey William Bromiley| title = The Encyclopedia of Christianity: J-0| url = http://books.google.com/?id=7ly4DgtT3LkC&pg=PA867| year = 2003| publisher = Brill Academic Pub| isbn = 978-90-04-12654-1| page = 867 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = John H. Leith| title = Creeds of the Churches, Third Edition: A Reader in Christian Doctrine from the Bible to the Present| url = http://books.google.com/?id=saFgJRjaPwcC&pg=PA486| year = 1982| publisher = Westminster John Knox Press| isbn = 978-0-8042-0526-9| page = 486 }}</ref> sing imané iku "Iman Ortodoks". Panggunan kasebut isih katon saiki ing liturgi Ortodoks, contoné "manunggalaké marang Gréja sing Suci, Katulik, lan Apostolik" (saka litani para katekumèn, [[Liturgi Ilahi|Liturgi St. Yohanes Krisostomus]]). Senajan mangkono, konvensi saiki, ndhukung jeneng "Gréja Ortodoks", mungkin sebagéyan kanggo ngéndhani kabingungan karo [[Gréja Katulik|Gréja Katulik Roma]], kususé [[Gréja katulik Wétan|Ritus Wétan]]. Nanging, kususé ing kontèks resmi, Gréja Ortodoks nerusaké migunakaké jeneng "Gréja Katulik", lan otoritas Ortodoks kayadéné Santo [[Rafael saka Brooklyn]] wis negesaké yèn jeneng lengkap saka gréja kalebu "Katulik" kayadéné ing istilah [http://books.google.com/books?id=oeKOUb6OcG4C&pg=PA101&dq=%22The+Church+of+the+East+has+never+from+the+first+been+known+by+any+other+name+than+Catholic,+nor+has+she+set+aside+this+title+in+any+official+document.%22&lr= "Holy Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Church"]. Gréja iki disebut minangka "Gréja Katulik Ortodoks" ing dhokumèn resmi gréja lan sapérangan buku.<ref>{{cite book | last=Overbeck | first=J. Joseph | title=A plain view of the claims of the Orthodox Catholic Church as opposed to all other Christian denominations | publisher=Trübner & Co. | location=London | year=1881 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rdwCAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22orthodox+catholic+church%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lh4PUanOK6mriQLVoIGoBg&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The marriage service of the Holy Orthodox Catholic Church | last=Richardson | first=Athanasius | publisher=A. R. Mowbray & Co. | location=London | year=1875 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rMMCAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22orthodox+catholic+church%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lh4PUanOK6mriQLVoIGoBg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Orthodox Eastern Church | last=Fortescue | first=Adrian | page=255 | quote=The old glories of the free Greek States, vague memories of Marathon and Salamis, the majesty of the Roman Empire, their cause against Persian and Arab, Frank and Turk—it is all gathered together and still lives in the Holy Apostolic Orthodox Catholic Church of the Seven Councils. | publisher=Catholic Truth Society | location=London | edition=2nd | year=1908 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Xp1gpa7wGPYC&pg=PA255&dq=%22orthodox+catholic+church%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lh4PUanOK6mriQLVoIGoBg&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22orthodox%20catholic%20church%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Bishop Kallistos (Ware)| title = The Orthodox Church| date = 1993-04-29| publisher = Penguin Books| isbn = 978-0-14-014656-1 }} p. 307<br>{{cite web |url=http://doepa.org/about_orthodoxy.html |title=About Orthodoxy |author= |date= |work=The Orthodox Church |publisher=The Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania, Orthodox Church in America |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthodoxdelmarva.org/about_orthodoxy.html |title= About Orthodoxy |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Christ the Saviour Orthodox Church |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.psromanianchurch.com/about_orthodoxy.html |title=About Orthodoxy |author= |date= |work= |publisher="Saints Michael and Gabriel" Romanian Orthodox Church |accessdate= }}{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}<br>[http://www.stvladimirs.net/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA – Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]<br>[http://www.forministry.com/USPAGOARCHCGOC/ElderAimilianos/ Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Church, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania]<br>{{cite web |url=http://orthodoxinfo.com/general/orthodoxy.aspx |title=The Orthodox Church – An Introduction |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Orthodox Christian Information Center |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.archangelsbooks.com/orthofaith.asp |title=THE HOLY ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN CHURCH: ITS FAITH AND LIFE |author= |date= |work= |publisher=ArchangelsBooks.com |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.forgodiswithus.org/ |title=Orthodox Church |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Orthodox Church of Dover, Florida |accessdate= }}<br>[http://www.orthodoxynewcastle.org/ Orthodox Churches of New Castle and Lawrence County, Pennsylvania]<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthodoxlife.net/easternchurch/theorthochurch.html |title=The Eastern Orthodox Church |author=Monks at [[Dečani Monastery]] in [[Kosovo]] |work= |publisher=Orthodoxlife.net |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.stgeorgetoledo.org/vsItemDisplay.dsp&objectID=3720668E-D9C5-4104-912DC29B0DFB6E5D&method=display |title=Introduction to the Orthodox Faith |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Saint George Antiochian Orthodox Christian Cathedral |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://saratoga.serbian-church.net/orthodoxy-0 |title=Orthodoxy |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Saint Archangel Michael Serbian Orthodox Church|accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.stmaryofegypt.org/info/orthodoxy.htm |title=The Orthodox Church |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Saint Mary of Egypt Orthodox Church |accessdate= }}<br>[http://www.haoca.org/ Holy Ascension Orthodox Church, Frackville, PA]<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosovo.net/orthodoxy.html |title=Orthodox Christianity – Introduction |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Ras and Prizren |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/FAQs.html |title=Frequently Asked Questions About the Orthodox Church |author=Father Steven Tsichlis |date= |work= |publisher=St. Paul's Greek Orthodox Church, Irvine, California |accessdate= }}<br> [http://stmarypawtucket.org/antioch.php Saint Mary Antiochian Orthodox Church, Pawtucket, RI]<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.spcportal.org/index.php?pg=454&lang=en |title=HISTORY |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Serbian Orthodox Church, Luzern |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthodox.or.th/index.php?content=orthodoxy&lang=en |title=TO BE AN ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN .... |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Orthodox Christian Church in Thailand (Moscow Patriarchate) |accessdate= }}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177174/Eastern-Orthodoxy |title=Eastern Orthodoxy |author= |date= |work= |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate= }}<br>
Larik 8:
{{cite book| author = Wendy Doniger| title = Eastern Orthodoxy| url = http://books.google.com/?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA309| date = September 1999| publisher = Merriam-Webster, Inc| isbn = 978-0-87779-044-0| work = Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions }}<br>
{{cite book| author = Thomas E. FitzGerald| title = Eastern Orthodoxy| url = http://books.google.com/?id=_F5yntZocGIC&pg=PA8| date = September 30, 1998| publisher = Praeger Pub Text| isbn = 978-0-275-96438-2| work = The Orthodox Church }}<br>
{{cite book| author = Andrea C. Paterson| title = Eastern Orthodoxy| url = http://books.google.com/?id=ARbQ8I7ZOjkC&pg=PA79| date = August 19, 2004| publisher = Xulon Press| isbn = 978-1-59467-453-2| work = An Analysis and Brief History of the Three Great Monotheistic Faiths Judaism, Christianity, Islam }}</ref>|group=note}} lan asring disebut minangka '''Gréja Ortodoks''',<ref>''Our Church is also spoken of as the "Eastern Church" to distinguish it from the Churches of the West. "Eastern" is used to indicate that in the first millennium the influence of our Church was concentrated in the eastern part of the Christian world and to show that a very large number of our membership is of other than Greek national origin. Thus, Orthodox Christians throughout the world use various ethnic or national titles: "Greek", "Russian", "Serbian", "Romanian", "Ukrainian", "Bulgarian", "Antiochian", "Albanian", "Carpatho-Russian", or more inclusively, as "Eastern Orthodox"'' ([http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7061 Rev. Alciviadis C. Calivas, Th.D. "The Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church. What's in our name?").]</ref> iku [[Gréja Kristen]] paling gedhé nomer loro ing donya,<ref name="adherents.com"/> kanthi gunggung pandhèrèk watara 225–300 yuta,<ref name="about.com"/> utamané ing [[Éropah Wétan|Wétan]] lan [[Éropah Kidul-wétan]] lan [[Wétan Tengah]]. Iki arupa dhénominasi agama sing mayoritas saka populasi ing [[Rusia]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraina]], [[Moldova]], [[Georgia (negaranagara)|Georgia]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Républik Makedonia|Makedonia]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Yunani]], lan [[Siprus]]; populasi minoritas sing signifikan ana ing [[Lebanon]], [[Yordania]], lan [[Suriah]]. Iki mulangaké yèn [[Papat tandha Gréja|Gréja sing Siji, Suci, Katulik, lan Apostolik]] didegaké déning [[Yésus|Yésus Kristus]] lan para [[Rasul (Kristen)|Rasulé]] watara 2,000 taun kepungkur.
 
Gréja Ortodoks kasusun saka sapérangan lembaga gréjawi kanthi pamaréntahan-dhéwé, sacara geografis lan nasional sing béda nanging tunggal téologis. Saben lembaga pamaréntahan-dhéwé (utawa otosefalus), asring nanging ora mesthi nyakup sawijining [[negaranagara]], dituntun déning sawijining [[Sinode Suci]] sing tugasé, ing antarané, ya iku kanggo nglestarèkaké lan mulang karasulan lan tradhisi [[wikt:patristic|patristik]] lan pratik gréja kagandhèng. Kayadéné [[Gréja Katulik|Gréja Katulik Roma]], [[Komuni Anglikan]], [[Greja Asiria Wétan]], [[Ortodoks Oriental]] lan sapérangan gréja liyané, uskup Ortodoks nlusuri silsilahé marang para rasul liwat proses [[panggantian apostolik]].
 
== Gunggung Umat ==
[[File:Eastern Orthodoxy by country.png|right|thumb|450px|'''Panyebaran Kristen Ortodoks Wétan ing donya miturut negaranagara:'''
{{legend|#000055|Agama utama (luwih saka 75%)}}
{{legend|#0000aa|Agama utama (50% – 75%)}}