Basa Afrikaans: Béda antara owahan

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Top4Bot (parembugan | pasumbang)
Amérika Serikat -> Amérika Sarékat, replaced: Amérika Serikat → Amérika Sarékat
Larik 11:
| fam3 = [[Kulawarga basa Jermanik Kulon|Jermanik Kulon]]
| fam4 = [[Kulawarga basa Frankonia Ngisor|Frankonia Ngisor]]
| fam5 = [[Kulawarga basa WalandaNèderlan|WalandaNèderlan]]
| script = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Aksara Latin|Latin]] nganggo [[alfabèt Afrikaans]] |[[Braille Afrikaans]]}}
| sign = [[Basa Isarat Afrikaans]]<ref>Aarons & Reynolds, "South African Sign Language" in Monaghan (ed.), ''Many Ways to be Deaf: International Variation in Deaf Communities'' (2003).</ref>
Larik 29:
'''Afrikaans''' iku salah sawijining basa Jermanik Kulon sing dipituturaké ing negara [[Afrika Kidul]], [[Namibia]] lan, kanthi cacah panyatur luwih sithik, ing negara [[Botswana]] lan [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwé]].
 
Basa iki asal mulané saka cangkriman basa Walanda cara Hollandik Kidul sing dadi basané padinan warga Éropah mliginé sing asalé saka [[Walanda|Walanda]] awit abad ka-17-18. Basa Afrikaans suwi-suwi awit jaman semono dadi béda karo basa asalé. Mulané, kadhang kala basa Afrikaans diarani turunané [[basa Walanda]]. Basa iki dadi basa tuturané asli wong Afrikaner lan wong kulit warna ing [[Afrika Kidul]].
 
Tembung-tembung sing ana ing basa Afrikaans iki 95%-é asalé saka basa Walanda. Turahané silihan saka basa-basa kaya ta [[Basa Portugis|Portugis]], [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]], Bantu, Khoisan, [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]], lan sapanunggalané. Dadiné, panyatur basa Afrikaans karo basa Walanda bisa mangertèni siji karo liyané sanajan ana béda sithik ing pangucapan lan paramasastrané (gramatiké).
 
Basa Afrikaans duwé panyatur asli kira-kira wong 7 yuta utawa 13,5%-é warga Afrika Kidul utawa basa nomer telu sing paling akèh dipituturaké. Basa iki salah siji saka sawelas basa resmi ing negara iku. Liyané Afrika Kidul, basa iki dadi ''lingua franca'' ing negara [[Namibia]] saemper karo [[basa Inggris]] lan Jerman, mliginé ing wewengkon Kutha [[Windhoek]]. Sanajan basa Inggris dadi basa resmi siji-sijiné ing [[Namibia]], basa Afrikaans lan Jerman tetep diakoni minangka basa enggonan.
 
Gunggungé panyatur basa Afrikaans ana kira-kira wong 15 nganti 23 yuta.
Larik 39:
==Sejarah==
===Asal Usul===
Basa Afrikaans Tmula ana ing Koloni Landa ing laladan Cape (Tanjung), lumantar nyempal saka dhialèk Landa Eropa, sajroning abad 18.<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/afrikaans.htm |title=Afrikaans |work=Omniglot |accessdate=22 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8437/Afrikaans-language |title=Afrikaans language |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=22 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831105055/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8437/Afrikaans-language|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no }}</ref> Ing pramila abad 18 lan nganthi abad 20, Basa Afrikaans ing Basa Landa dianggep kanthi "kitchen language" utawa Basa Pawonan ({{lang-af|kombuistaal|links=no}}), lan kurang géngsiné, uga diarani basa ngisoré Basa Landa sing umum ''{{lang|nl|Kaaps Hollands}}'' ("Cape Dutch," i.e. Afrikaans) ''{{lang|nl|geradbraakt}}," ''{{lang|nl|gebroken}}'' anf ''{{lang|nl|onbeschaafd Hollands}}'' ("Basa Landa Ndhésa"), saliyané diarani ''{{lang|nl|verkeerd Nederlands}}'' ("Basa Landa Salah").<ref>Alatis, Hamilton, Ai-Hui Tan (2002). ''Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 2000: Linguistics, Language and the Professions: Education, Journalism, Law, Medicine, and Technology." Washington, DC: University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-373-8, p. 132.</ref><ref>Keith Brown and Sarah Ogilvie, eds. (2008). ''Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World." Oxford, UK: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7, p. 8.</ref> Kira-kira 90 nganthi 95% tetembungan Basa Afrikaans mula saka Basa Landa,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIivedw-oZYC |title=Language and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics |accessdate=23 August 2008 |first=Rajend |last=Mesthrie |publisher=New Africa Books |page=214 |year=1995 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GeUUAAAAIAAJ |title=The Dutch Language: A Survey |page=132 |first=Pierre |last1=Brachin |first2=Paul |last2=Vincent |publisher=Brill Archive |accessdate=3 November 2008 |year=1985 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cqaGb_SEQHUC |title=Language in South Africa |page=205 |accessdate=18 May 2010 |first=Rajend |last=Mesthrie |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2002 }}</ref> lan ana pambédha ing tetembungan antaraning rong basa iki; <ref>{{harvnb|Sebba|1997|p=161}}</ref> nanging Afrikaans ndhuwé morpologi sing luwih katon, <ref name="holm"/> paramasastra lan éjan.<ref name="sebba">{{cite book |ref=harv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRT_jZl39AMC |title=Contact languages: pidgins and creoles |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=1997 }}</ref> Ana tataran silihmangertèn utawa [[mutual intelligibility]] antara rong basa kasebut,<ref name="holm">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC |title=Pidgins and Creoles: References survey |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first=John A. |last=Holm |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=338 |year=1989 }}</ref><ref name="baker">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC |title=Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first1=Colin |last1=Baker |first2=Sylvia |last2=Prys Jones |publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd. |page=302 |year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zlUp5Xuc8C |title=Language change: contributions to the study of its causes |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first1=Leiv |last1=Egil Breivik |first2=Ernst |last2=Håkon Jahr |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |page=232 |year=1987 }}</ref> mligané ing panulisan.<ref name="sebba"/><ref name="sebba2">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC |title=Spelling and society: the culture and politics of orthography around the world |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2007 }}</ref><ref name="gooskens"/>
 
Basa Afrikaans olèh njupuk silihan tetembungan lan paramasastra saka basa-basa liyané kayata acquired [[Basa Melayu]], [[Basa Khoisan]], [[Basa Portugis]],<ref name="deumert">{{cite book |ref=harv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ciimg5gGqQC |title=Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch |accessdate=10 November 2008 |work=Ana Deumert |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |year=2004 |page=22 }}</ref> lan [[Basa-basa Bantu]],<ref name="niesler">{{cite book |ref=harv |url=http://academic.sun.ac.za/su_clast/documents/SALALS2005.pdf |first1=Thomas |last1=Niesler |first2=Philippa |last2=Louw |first3=Justus |last3=Roux |year=2005 |title=Phonetic analysis of Afrikaans, English, Xhosa and Zulu using South African speech databases |journal=Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=459–474}}</ref> and Afrikaans has also been significantly influenced by [[South African English]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lycos.com/info/afrikaans--standard-afrikaans.html |title=Afrikaans: Standard Afrikaans |publisher=Lycos Retriever |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120182430/http://www.lycos.com/info/afrikaans--standard-afrikaans.html |archivedate=20 November 2011 }}</ref> Nanging, panyatur Basa Landa kerep ngadhepi luwih sithik kebingungan yèn ngrungokaké panyatur basa Afrikaans tinimbang kosok baliné. <ref name="gooskens"/><!--see page 460--> Silihpangertèn iki ora sepadan, amarga panyatur Basa Landa luwih isa reti Afrikaans tinimbang sewaliké.<ref name="gooskens">{{cite journal |url=http://www.let.rug.nl/gooskens/pdf/publ_JMMD_2007.pdf |title=The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages |first1=Charlotte |last1=Gooskens |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume=28 |issue=6 |date=November 2007 |pages=445–467 |publisher=[[University of Groningen]] |accessdate=19 May 2010 }}</ref><!--see page 464--> Biasané, silihpangertèn antaraning Landa lan Afrikaans luwih gedhé tinimbang Landa lan [[Basa Frisia]]<ref name="thije">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8gIEN068J3gC |title=Receptive Multilingualism: Linguistic analyses, language policies and didactic concepts |accessdate=19 May 2010 |first1= Jan D. |last1=ten Thije |first2=Ludger |last2=Zeevaert |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |page=17 |year=2007}}</ref> utawa antaraning [[Basa-Basa Jermanik Lor]] kayata [[Basa ]] lan [[Basa Swedia]]. <ref name="gooskens"/><!--see page 463--> Panulis lan juru gurit Afrika Kidul yaiku Breyten Breytenbach, njajal nggambaraké adoh-adohing basa kanthi [[Dunya Panyatur Inggris]] lan nemokaké yèn bédhané Basa Landa Baku lan Afrikaans mèh padha karo antaraning Basa Inggris Baku [[Receive Pronunciation]] lan [[Basa Inggris Amerika Serikat Kidul]].<ref>S. Linfield, interview in Salmagundi; 2000.</ref>
 
===Pangembangan===
Akèh-akèhané para pamanggon pramila sing cukilé saiki diarani wong [[Afrikaner]] asalé saka [[Republik Pitung Propinsi Walanda]] sing saiki dadi [[Walanda]] lan [[Flander]], <ref name="zastudy">{{cite book|title=Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa|last=Kaplan|first=Irving|pages=46–771}}</ref> sanajan seperenemé uga saka Prancis, mligané [[Huguenot]] lan seperpitu saka Jérman.<ref name="Britannica1933">{{cite encyclopedia|year=1933|title=Cape Colony|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|editor=James Louis Garvin}}</ref>
 
Buruh lan buruh tukon sing uga ngembangaké basa Afrikaans yaiku [[Wong Asia|Asia]] (mligané wong [[Melayu]] lan wong [[Malagasi]], saliyané wong [[Khoi]], [[Wong San]], lan [[Wong Bantu]] sing uga manggon ing laladan iku. Wong Kréol ing pramula abad 18—kaya sing kacatet ing kasusé Hendrik Bibault lan para [[Oude Ram Afrikaner|Oude Ram]] — iku sing paling pramula ngundhang dhéwéké ''Afrikaner'' (Wong Afrika). Nembé ing tengah-tengahing abad 19 {{dubious|Boer identity merge with Afrikaners|date=October 2015}} wong [[Boer]] uga njupuk tembung iku.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/category/new-creole-identities/page/4/|title=The Orlams Afrikaners – the Creole Africans of the Garieb|publisher=Cape Slavery Heritage|accessdate=8 July 2010}}</ref> Wong Khoi lan wong-wong blasteran padha-padha diarani 'Coloureds' utawa 'werna'.<ref name="Slavery">{{cite web|url=http://slaveryinstitute.wordpress.com/slavery-in-the-cape/|title=Slavery in the Cape|publisher=Institute for the Study of Slavery and its Legacy – South Africa|accessdate=8 July 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610194604/http://slaveryinstitute.wordpress.com/slavery-in-the-cape/|archivedate=10 June 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
Awit taun 1815, Basa Afrikaans ngganthèni basa Melayu dadi basa pangajaran ing sekolah-sekolah Islam [[Afrika Kidul]], mula ditulis ing [[Abjad Arab]]: dheleng [[Arabic Afrikaans]]. Sabanjuré, Basa Afrikaans sing ditulis ing aksara Latin, mula ana ing layang kabar, lan panulisan-panulisan agama lan politik awit 1850. <ref name="omniglot.com" />
 
Ing taun 1875, sak wong panyatur basa Afrikaans saka Cape ngadhekaké kumpulan jenengé''{{lang|af|[[Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners|Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaanders]]}}'' ("Society for Real Afrikaners"),<ref name="omniglot.com"/> lan nerbitaké rena-rena buku ing basa Afrikaans, kalebu paramasastra, bausastra, sejarah lan buku-buku bab agama. Ing taun 1825, Afrikaans diakoni pamaréntah dadi basa sing hakiki, tinimbang salah sawijining dhialèk basa Landa. <ref name="omniglot.com"/>
 
===Pangakon===
Mulané Afrikaans dianggep bagéan dhialèk Basa Landa ing Afrika Kidul nganthi pramila abad 20, nalika basa iki diakoni dadi basa sing séjé ing undhang-undhang Afrika Kidul, bebarengan karo Basa Landa baku, sing akiré Afrikaans ngganthèni dadi salah sawijining basa resmi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keylanguages.com/new_english/afrikaans.html |title=Afrikaans Language Courses in London |publisher=Keylanguages.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812185524/http://www.keylanguages.com/new_english/afrikaans.html |archivedate=12 August 2007 |date= |accessdate=22 September 2010 }}</ref>
 
Sadhurungé [[Perang Boer]] (1880-1881 lan1899-1902), "lan pirang taun sakbaré, basa Afrikaans dianggep ora patut kanggo pandhdikan. Malahan dianggep kaya ‘basa pawonan’ utawa ‘basa kasar’, sing pantes dadi sesambungan antaraning wong Boers menyang." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/emoryac/detail.action?docID=10096117|title=Language Planning & Policy S. : Language Planning and Policy in Africa : Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa|last=Kaplan and Baldauf|first=Robert B. and Richard B.|dead-url=|access-date=March 30, 2017}}</ref> Nanging, 23 taun samubaré Perang Boer Kapindo babar ing taun 1902, lan uga amarga upayané Gerakan Basa Afrikans ( the Afrikans Language Movement )<ref name=":0" /> ing tanggal 8 Mei 1925, Undhang-Undang Basa Resmi No 8 taun 1925 (the Official Languages of the Union Act No 8 of 1925) diloloské ing parembugan Déwan Rakyat lan Sènat, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/afrikaans-becomes-official-language-union-south-africa|title=Afrikaans becomes the official language of the Union of South Africa|last=|first=|date=16 March 2011|website=South African History Online|dead-url=|access-date=March 30, 2017}}</ref> lan wayah iku Basa “Landa" dilebokaké dadi salah sawijining basa resmi kalebu uga Afrikaans. Nanging, ing Undhang-Undhang Dhasar Afrika Selatan taun 1961 ngganthi posisi Afrikaans lan Landa, akiré Basa Inggris lan Afrikaans dadi basa resmi najan uga nglebokaké Basa Landa. Nanging tembung Basa Landa ora disebut manèh ing Undhang-Undhang Dhasar anyar taun 1983.
 
====Monumèn====
Larik 64:
===Standarisasi===
[[File:Pretoriase kunsmuseum 1.jpg|thumb|Sisih Musium Seni Pretoria (Pretoria Art Museum) ing Arcadia, Pretoria, nganggo aba-aba ing Basa Afrikaans.]]
Ahli basa Paul Roberge njelasaké yèn tulisan ‘Afrikaans asli’ sing paling pramila iku [[doggerel|serat doggerel ]] saka taun 1795 lan guneman sing ditulisaké déning musapir Landa 1825. Tulisan cithak pramila antaraning Afrikaner mung nganggo basa Landa Éropah. Nanging ing tengahing abad 19, luwih akèh ditulis ing Afrikaans, sing nalika semono isih dianggep dhialèk enggon-enggonan.
 
Ing 1861, L.H. Meurant nerbitaké buku sing judulé ''{{lang|af|Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twyfelaar}}'' ("Guneman antaraning Claus Truthsayer lan John Doubter"), sing dianggep tulisan basa Afrikaans sing bener. {{citation needed|date=January 2013}} Sawetara, [[Abu Bakr Effendi]] uga nulis buku pedoman Islam ing panulisan [[Arab Afrikaans]] ing taun 1862 nganthi 1869, nanging nembé diterbitaké lan disebaraké ing taun 1877. Bausastra lan buku paramasastra pratama basa Afrikaans diterbitaké taun 1875 déning ''{{lang|af|[[Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners]]}}'' ("Society for Real Afrikaners")ing kutha [[Cape Town]].{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
Larik 77:
C. P. Hoogehout, [[:af:Arnoldus Pannevis|Arnoldus Pannevis]], lan [[Stephanus Jacobus du Toit]] wong-wong sing pramula mertalaké injil ing basa Afrikaans the first. Panenger pertalan injil ing basa iku ing taun 1878 saka pertalané C. P. Hoogehout's translation of the ''{{lang|af|Evangelie volgens Markus}}'' ([[Injil Markus]], sing maksudé. Injil miturut Markus); nanging pertalan iku ora diterbitaké lan kasimpen ing Perpustakan Nasional Afrika Kidul (the South African National Library), Kutha Cape Town.
 
Pertalan sampurna injil ing basa Afrikaans terbit ing taun 1933 déning [[J. D. du Toit]], E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, lan [[BB Keet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enigstetroos.org/bybelstudie.htm |title=Bybelstudies |accessdate=23 September 2008 |last=Bogaards |first=Attie H. |language=af |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010173208/http://www.enigstetroos.org/bybelstudie.htm |archivedate=10 October 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bybelgenootskap.co.za/afr/bybelgenootskap/jongste_nuus.asp |title=Afrikaanse Bybel vier 75 jaar |accessdate=23 September 2008 |date=25 August 2008 |publisher=Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika |language=af |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609161131/http://www.bybelgenootskap.co.za/afr/bybelgenootskap/jongste_nuus.asp |archivedate=9 June 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> Karya iki dadi tetenger sing ndadikaké basa Afrikaans ''{{lang|af|'n suiwer en oordentlike taal}}'', yaiku " basa sing tepak lan pantes" kanggo kaperluan agama, mligané antarané panyatur basa Afrikaans sing agamané [[Calvinist]] lan ora yakin karo [[pertalan injil]] sing rena-rena saka vèrsi Landa sing digawé cekelan sadhurungé.
 
Ing 1983, pertalan anyar mangayubagyani 50 taun pertalan injil taun 1933 lan ngapiki versi sing butuh dibesuti. Besutan akir èdisi iki digarap déning E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg lan W. Kempen.
Larik 98:
! Negara !! Panyatur !! Persèntase !! Taun !! Rujukan
|-
| {{flag|AustraliaOstrali}} || 35.030 || 0,16% || 2011 || <ref name="undata">{{cite web|title=Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence |url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a27%3bareaCode%3a0%3bsexCode%3a0&c=2,3,5,7,9,11,13,14,15&s=_vcvv2:asc,_countryEnglishNameOrderBy:asc,refYear:desc&v=1 |publisher=UNdata |accessdate=13 October 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Botswana}} || 8.082 || 0,39% || 2011 || <ref name="undata"/>
Larik 110:
| {{flag|Afrika Kidul}} || 6.855.082 || 13,4% || 2011 || <ref name="undata"/>
|}
 
 
 
===Sosiolinguistik===
Baris 122 ⟶ 120:
{{legend|#006D2C|80–100%}}
{{colend}}]]
Sanajan nyebutaké ''Afrikaners'', iku ngarahé ing suku bangsa, tetembungan ''{{lang|af|Afrikaanses}}'' utawa''{{lang|af|Afrikaanssprekendes}}'' (lit. Panyatur Afrikaans) kuduné nyebutaké wong-wong ora pandheng asal mulané sing nyatur basa Afrikaans dadi basa ibuné. Jatiné basa durung nyatakaké endhi-endhi tetembungan sing tepak, lan telung tetembungan iku lumrah ing sesambungan padinan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/lees.php?id=115 |title=Die dilemma van 'n gedeelde Afrikaanse identiteit: Kan wit en bruin mekaar vind? |trans_title=The dilemma of a shared African identity: Can white and brown find each other? |author=Wessel Visser |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222101806/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/lees.php?id=115 |archivedate=22 December 2012 |date=3 February 2005 |accessdate=3 February 2017 |language=af }}</ref> Kelompok panyatur Afrikaans saka kulit putih mula diarani "The Boere". Sawetara tetembungan ''{{lang|af|boerseun}}'' lan ''{{lang|af|boeremeisie}}'' (sing artiné bocah tani) dadi tetembungan sing populèr antaraning Afrikaner kulit putih kanggo ngungkapké rasa bungah, ora masalah dhèwèké pancèn wong tani utawa dudu.
[[File:Distribution of Afrikaans in Namibia.png|thumb|left|Laladan pasebaran panyatur basa Afrikaans ing Namibia.]]
[[File:South Africa Afrikaans speakers density map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Laladan pasebaran panyatur basa Afrikaans ing Afrika Kidul sing nganggo basa iki dadi basa padinan: Kepadetan panyatur basa Afrikaans ing omah.
Baris 136 ⟶ 134:
{{legend|#800026|&gt;3000&nbsp;/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{refend}}]]
Basa Afrikaans uga dipituturaké ing Namibia. Sadhurungé mardika, Afrikaans statusé pada karo Basa Jèrman dadi salah sawijining basa resmi. Nanging awit kamardikan Namibia ing taun 1990, basa Afrikaans diakoni dadi salah sawiji basa enggon-enggon, nanging dudu basa resmi manèh. <ref>{{cite book |last=Frydman |first=Jenna |editor-last=Bokamba |editor-first=Eyamba G. |chapter=A Critical Analysis of Namibia's English-only language policy |title=Selected proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference on African Linguistics — African languages and linguistics today |year=2011 |publisher=Cascadilla Proceedings Project |location=[[Somerville, Massachusetts]] |isbn=978-1-57473-446-1 |pages=178–189 |url=http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/40/paper2574.pdf |format=PDF }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Willemyns |first=Roland |title=Dutch: Biography of a Language |year=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-985871-2 |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xo2MGkyEfbMC }}</ref> Ana uga cacah cilik panyatur basa Afrikaans antaraning warga kulit putih Zimbabwé, amarga akèh sing metu saka negara iku awit taun 1980. Basa Afrikaans uga dadi basa pedoman pandhidhikan sekolah-sekolah ing [[Bophuthatswana]], lan [[Bantustan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Armoria patriæ – Republic of Bophuthatswana |url=http://www.geocities.com/haigariep/BopE.html |work= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5kmVdolSf?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fhaigariep%2FBopE.html |archivedate=25 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref>
 
 
Akèh wong Afrika Kidul sing manggon lan makarya ing negara Belgia, Walanda, Inggris, Irlandia, Australia, Selandia Anyar, Kanada, Amérika Serikat lan Kuwait, lan akèh sing panyatur basa Afrikaans. Dhèèwké andhuwèni aksès ing situs-situs basa Afrikaans, situs pawartos kayata [http://www.netwerk24.com/ Netwerk24.com] lan [http://www.sake24.com/ Sake24], lan uga giyaran lumantar jejaring kayata saka [[Radio Sonder Grense]] lan [[Radio Pretoria]].
 
Akèh wong Afrika Kidul sing manggon lan makarya ing negara Belgia, Walanda, Inggris, Irlandia, Australia, Selandia Anyar, Kanada, Amérika SerikatSarékat lan Kuwait, lan akèh sing panyatur basa Afrikaans. Dhèèwké andhuwèni aksès ing situs-situs basa Afrikaans, situs pawartos kayata [http://www.netwerk24.com/ Netwerk24.com] lan [http://www.sake24.com/ Sake24], lan uga giyaran lumantar jejaring kayata saka [[Radio Sonder Grense]] lan [[Radio Pretoria]].
 
Basa Afrikaans uga ndhuwé pangaruh ing [[Basa Inggris Afrika Kidul]]. Akèh tetembungan Basa Inggris kana sing dijupuk saka Afrikaans, kayata ''{{lang|af|[[bakkie]]}}'' ("truk bukaan"), ''{{lang|af|[[braai]]}}'' ("panggangan"), ''{{lang|af|[[naartjie]]}}'' ("jeruk keprok"), ''{{lang|af|tekkies}}'' (Ing Amèrika "sneakers", ing Inggris "trainers", ing Kanada "runners" sing artiné sepatu kèts). Ana sawetara tembung ing basa Inggris baku uga wod saka basa Afrikaans, kaya tuladha, ''[[aardvark]]'' (lit. "babi lemah"), ''[[trekking|trek]]'' ("lelana pambuka", maksud asliné "narik" tapi uga artiné "pindahan"), ''spoor'' ("dalan tikus"), ''{{lang|af|veld}}'' ("latar" ing Afrikaans. "lapangan"), ''commando'' from saka tembung Afrikaans ''{{lang|af|kommando}}'' sing artiné unit tarung cilik, ''{{lang|af|boomslang}}'' ("ula uwit") lan ''{{lang|af|[[apartheid]]}}'' ("pisahan").
 
Ing taun 1976, para siswa SMA ing kutha [[Soweto]] pramula [[haruhara Soweto]] amarga pamarèntah mutusaké yèn basa Afrikaans didadèkaké basa prèntah kanggo separuh pelajaran sing diajarké ing sekolah-sekolah dudu kulit (turahé nganggo basa Inggris). Sanajan basa Inggris mung dadi basa asliné 8,2% pendhudhuk, nanging paling akèh direti lan basa kaloro mayoritas wong Afrika Kidul. <ref>[http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/public_sector/govt_info_available_online_in_all_official_languages.html Govt info available online in all official languages – South Africa – The Good News<!-- Bot generated title -->].</ref> Basa Afrikaans luwih akèh dipituturaké tinimbang Inggris ing propinsi Cape Kulon lan Cape Lor, atusan kilomèter saka Soweto. Panolakan wong kulit ireng menyang basa Afrikaans lan luwih milih Basa Inggris malih ditegesaké samubare pamarèntah ngethokaké kebijakan sak sasi samubaré huru hara iku. Asilé : 96% sekolah-sekolah kulit ireng milih nganggo basa Inggris (tinimbang Afrikaans utawa basa asli liyané) dadi basa ater-ateré.<ref>Black Linguistics: Language, Society and Politics in Africa and the Americas, by Sinfree Makoni, p. 120S.</ref> Iku amarga basa Afrikaans uga dipandheng nalika basa penindas kanggo sawetara wong, dhesekan dilancaraké kanggo mbusek basa Afrikaans dadi basa pangajaran ing universitas-universitas Afrika Kidul, sing nggarai protes mahasiswa sing anggegirisi ing taun 2015. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/world/article/South-Africa-Protesting-students-torch-6853287.php |title=South Africa: Protesting students torch university buildings |author=Lynsey Chutel |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Advocate (Stamford)|Stamford Advocate]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040206/http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/world/article/South-Africa-Protesting-students-torch-6853287.php |archivedate=5 March 2016 |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/4933544/Studentenunruhen_Konflikte-zwischen-Schwarz-und-Weiss |title=Studentenunruhen: Konflikte zwischen Schwarz und Weiß |trans_title=Student unrest: conflicts between black and white |work=[[Die Presse]] |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://de.euronews.com/2016/02/26/suedafrika-unerklaerliche-gewaltserie-an-universitaeten/ |title=Südafrika: "Unerklärliche" Gewaltserie an Universitäten |trans_title=South Africa: "Unexplained" violence at universities |work=[[Euronews]] |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref>
 
 
Ing taun 1976, para siswa SMA ing kutha [[Soweto]] pramula [[haruhara Soweto]] amarga pamarèntah mutusaké yèn basa Afrikaans didadèkaké basa prèntah kanggo separuh pelajaran sing diajarké ing sekolah-sekolah dudu kulit (turahé nganggo basa Inggris). Sanajan basa Inggris mung dadi basa asliné 8,2% pendhudhuk, nanging paling akèh direti lan basa kaloro mayoritas wong Afrika Kidul. <ref>[http://www.sagoodnews.co.za/public_sector/govt_info_available_online_in_all_official_languages.html Govt info available online in all official languages – South Africa – The Good News<!-- Bot generated title -->].</ref> Basa Afrikaans luwih akèh dipituturaké tinimbang Inggris ing propinsi Cape Kulon lan Cape Lor, atusan kilomèter saka Soweto. Panolakan wong kulit ireng menyang basa Afrikaans lan luwih milih Basa Inggris malih ditegesaké samubare pamarèntah ngethokaké kebijakan sak sasi samubaré huru hara iku. Asilé : 96% sekolah-sekolah kulit ireng milih nganggo basa Inggris (tinimbang Afrikaans utawa basa asli liyané) dadi basa ater-ateré.<ref>Black Linguistics: Language, Society and Politics in Africa and the Americas, by Sinfree Makoni, p. 120S.</ref> Iku amarga basa Afrikaans uga dipandheng nalika basa penindas kanggo sawetara wong, dhesekan dilancaraké kanggo mbusek basa Afrikaans dadi basa pangajaran ing universitas-universitas Afrika Kidul, sing nggarai protes mahasiswa sing anggegirisi ing taun 2015. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/world/article/South-Africa-Protesting-students-torch-6853287.php |title=South Africa: Protesting students torch university buildings |author=Lynsey Chutel |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[The Advocate (Stamford)|Stamford Advocate]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040206/http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/world/article/South-Africa-Protesting-students-torch-6853287.php |archivedate=5 March 2016 |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/4933544/Studentenunruhen_Konflikte-zwischen-Schwarz-und-Weiss |title=Studentenunruhen: Konflikte zwischen Schwarz und Weiß |trans_title=Student unrest: conflicts between black and white |work=[[Die Presse]] |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://de.euronews.com/2016/02/26/suedafrika-unerklaerliche-gewaltserie-an-universitaeten/ |title=Südafrika: "Unerklärliche" Gewaltserie an Universitäten |trans_title=South Africa: "Unexplained" violence at universities |work=[[Euronews]] |date=25 February 2016 }}</ref>
 
 
Ing[[Undhang-Undhang Dhasar Afrika Kidul]] taun 1996, Afrikaans tetep dadi salah sawiji basa resmi saliyané basa Inggris lan sangang basa liyané. Artiné, kebijakan anyar iki ngalongi Afrikaans lan luwih milih basa Inggris, utawa kanggo ngakomodir basa-basa resmi liyané. Tuladhané ing taun 1996, [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]] ngelongi cacah siyaran télévisi ing basa Afrikaans, sawetara maskapai [[South African Airways]] ngilangi jeneng Afrikaans ''{{lang|af|Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens}}'' saka awak pesawaté. Pada karo liyané, misi diplomatik Afrika Kidul mung nampilaké tetenger negara ing basa Inggris lan basa negara panggonané, ora ning Afrikaans.
 
Sanajan kahanan ngono, basa Afrikaans tetep kuat. Rena-rena layang kabar lan kalawarti ing baasa Afrikaans tetep diterbitaké ing cacah sing akèh. Salah sawijiné kalawarti umum kanggo kulawarga ''{{lang|af|[[Huisgenoot]]}}'' ing basa Afrikaans iki ndhuwé paling akèh pawacan sakindhenging negara. <ref>[http://www.superbrands.com/za/pdfs/HUISGENOOT.pdf Superbrands.com, visited on 21 March 2012.]</ref> Saliyané iku, salah sawiji saluran TV berbayar ing basa Afrikaans sing jenengé [[KykNet]] uga nyiar awit taun 1999, lan saluran musik Afrikaans music channel, [[MK (channel)|MK]] (''{{lang|af|Musiek kanaal}}'') (Saluran Musik), ing taun 2005. Buku-buku basa Afrikaans isih uga diterbitaké saben taun, mligané déning penerbit Human & Rousseau, {{lang|af|Tafelberg Uitgewers}}, {{lang|af|Struik}}, lan {{lang|af|Protea Boekhuis}}. Trilogi film Afrikaans sing judulé ''{{lang|af|[[Bakgat]]}}'' (ditayangké taun 2008) nggarai bangkité industri film basa Afrikaans (sing wis mandheg awit tengah-tengah taun 1990an) lan lagu pramilané penyanyi kalairan Belgia yaiku Karen Zoid sing judulé "{{lang|af|[[Afrikaners is Plesierig]]}}" (rilis ing tau 2001) uga dadi sebab bangkité manèh industri musik basa Afrikaans sakliyané ing jenis musik Rock.
 
Sanajan kahanan ngono, basa Afrikaans tetep kuat. Rena-rena layang kabar lan kalawarti ing baasa Afrikaans tetep diterbitaké ing cacah sing akèh. Salah sawijiné kalawarti umum kanggo kulawarga ''{{lang|af|[[Huisgenoot]]}}'' ing basa Afrikaans iki ndhuwé paling akèh pawacan sakindhenging negara. <ref>[http://www.superbrands.com/za/pdfs/HUISGENOOT.pdf Superbrands.com, visited on 21 March 2012.]</ref> Saliyané iku, salah sawiji saluran TV berbayar ing basa Afrikaans sing jenengé [[KykNet]] uga nyiar awit taun 1999, lan saluran musik Afrikaans music channel, [[MK (channel)|MK]] (''{{lang|af|Musiek kanaal}}'') (Saluran Musik), ing taun 2005. Buku-buku basa Afrikaans isih uga diterbitaké saben taun, mligané déning penerbit Human & Rousseau, {{lang|af|Tafelberg Uitgewers}}, {{lang|af|Struik}}, lan {{lang|af|Protea Boekhuis}}. Trilogi film Afrikaans sing judulé ''{{lang|af|[[Bakgat]]}}'' (ditayangké taun 2008) nggarai bangkité industri film basa Afrikaans (sing wis mandheg awit tengah-tengah taun 1990an) lan lagu pramilané penyanyi kalairan Belgia yaiku Karen Zoid sing judulé "{{lang|af|[[Afrikaners is Plesierig]]}}" (rilis ing tau 2001) uga dadi sebab bangkité manèh industri musik basa Afrikaans sakliyané ing jenis musik Rock.
 
 
Basa Afrikaans andhuwé rong tugu sing dibangun kanggo pangurmatan. Tugu pramila dibangun ing {{lang|af|[[Burgersdorp]]}}, Afrika Kidul, ing taun 1893, lan tugu kapindo, sing luwih apik lan dibangun déning [[Afrikaans Language Monument]] (''{{lang|af|Afrikaanse Taalmonument}}''), ana ing [[Paarl]], Afrika Kidul, ing taun 1975.
 
Nalika kalawarti desain asal Inggris yaiku ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)|Wallpaper]]''<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM--> nggambarké basa Afrikaans dadi salah sawiji ‘’basa paling èlèk sakdunya’’ ing artikelé ing èdisi September 2005 bab [[Monumen Basa Afrikaans]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060216042054/http://business.iafrica.com/news/657706.htm Rupert snubs mag over Afrikaans slur], Business Africa, 5 December 2005.</ref> Milyarder Afrika Kidul yaiku [[Johann Rupert]] (pimpinan [[Richemont|Richemont Group]]), njawab karo narik kabèh iklan-iklané kayata [[Cartier SA|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)|Montblanc]] lan [[Alfred Dunhill]] saka kalawarti iku.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/afrikaans-stars-join-row-over-ugly-language-1.261058 Afrikaans stars join row over 'ugly language'] ''[[Cape Argus]]'', 10 December 2005.</ref> Panulisé, Bronwyn Davies iku wong Afrika Kidul panyatur [[Basa Inggris Afrika Kidul]].
 
Nalika kalawarti desain asal Inggris yaiku ''[[Wallpaper (magazine)|Wallpaper]]''<!--"Wallpaper" per WP:MOSTM--> nggambarké basa Afrikaans dadi salah sawiji ‘’basa paling èlèk sakdunya’’ ing artikelé ing èdisi September 2005 bab [[Monumen Basa Afrikaans]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060216042054/http://business.iafrica.com/news/657706.htm Rupert snubs mag over Afrikaans slur], Business Africa, 5 December 2005.</ref>Milyarder Afrika Kidul yaiku [[Johann Rupert]] (pimpinan [[Richemont|Richemont Group]]), njawab karo narik kabèh iklan-iklané kayata [[Cartier SA|Cartier]], [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], [[Montblanc (pens)|Montblanc]] lan [[Alfred Dunhill]] saka kalawarti iku.<ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/afrikaans-stars-join-row-over-ugly-language-1.261058 Afrikaans stars join row over 'ugly language'] ''[[Cape Argus]]'', 10 December 2005.</ref> Panulisé, Bronwyn Davies iku wong Afrika Kidul panyatur [[Basa Inggris Afrika Kidul]].
 
 
Basa Landa Modern lan Afrikaans ndhuwé 90 persèn tetembungan sing padha. Panyatur Afrikaans isa reti lan sinau basa Landa mung sedhiluk. Panyatur basa Landa malah luwih cepet manèh yèn nyinaoni basa Afrikaans, amarga paramasastrané sing ringkes, nanging yèn mangertèni basa guneman rada suwé. Sawetara panyatur basa Afrikaans isa sinau pangucapan basa Landa lumantar cara latian sedhiluk. Iku sing nggampangaké perusahaan-perusahaan saka Walanda lan Bèlgia mbukak pusat télépon ing Afrika Kidul..<ref>[http://www.eprop.co.za/news/item/4489-SA-holds-its-own-in-global-call-centre-industry.html "SA holds its own in global call centre industry"], eProp Commercial Property News in South Africa.</ref>