Gègèr Pacinan: Béda antara owahan
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[[Gambar:Chinezenmoord van stolk (2).jpg|thumb|300px|Pambantéan tahanan Tionghoa]]
'''Gègèr Pacinan''' (uga
Kabingungan masarakat Tionghoa iku amarga réprèsi pamaréntah lan kurangé asil makarya akibat saka mudhuné rega [[gula]] rikala semana. Kanggo nanggepi kabingungan iku, ana ing patemon [[Dhéwan Hindhia]] ({{lang|nl|''Raad van Indië''}}), badan pemimpin [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie]] (VOC), [[
Kira-kira
== Anané Gègèr Pacinan==
[[Gambar:Adriaan Valckenier (1695-1751) by T.J. Rheen.jpg|thumb|200px|Gubernur-Jendral Valckenier sing mrentah supaya wong Tionghoa dipatèni]]
Ing kalamangsa wiwitan kolonialisasi
Kawicaksanan dhéportasi diketataké ing taun 1970-an, sawisé ana wabah [[malaria]] sing ndadèkaké èwonan wong mati. [[
Sawetara iku wong Batavia (Betawi) asli dadi mèlu sujana marang wong Tionghoa. Sing ndadèkaké tambah sujana ya iku masalah ékonomi, wong pribumi mlarat déné wong Tionghoa sugih-sugih. {{sfn|Raffles|1830|pp=233–235}}{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|pp=461–462}} Sejarwan Walanda A.N. Paasman ngandaraké manawa wong Tionghoa iku kaya wong Yahudiné Asia.,{{sfn|Paasman|1999|pp=325–326}} Sejatiné ora kabèh wong Tionghoa iku sugih, ana uga sing mlarat ya iku sing dadi buruh pabrik gula.{{sfn|Kumar|1997|p=32}} Wong Tionghoa sing sugih duwé pabrik lan dadi tambah sugih amarga dol tinuku, uga dhistribusi [[tuak|arak]], ombenan saka molase lan beras. {{sfn|Kumar|1997|p=32}}{{sfn|Dobbin|1996|pp=53–55}} Nanging panguwasa Walanda nemtokaké rega gula sing ndadèkaké resah.{{sfn|Mazumdar|1998|p=89}} Akibaté rega gula ing donya mudhun, disebabaké ekspor gula menyang [[Éropah]] mundhak {{sfn|Ward|2009|p=98}}
Awité anggota [[Dhéwan Hindhia]] ({{lang|nl|''Raad van Indië''}}) nganggep yèn wong Tionghoa ora bakal nyerang Batavia,{{sfn|Pan|1994|pp=35–36}} lan kawicaksanan sing luwih tegas bab ngatur wong Tionghoa, ditentang fraksi sing kapimpin déning mantan gubernur Zeylan [[Gustaaf Willem baron van Imhoff]], sing bali menyang Batavia taun 1738.{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|pp=297–298}}{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|p=460}}{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica 2011, Gustaaf Willem}} Nanging, katurunan wong Tionghoa tekan ing piggiran Batavia, lan tanggal 28 September Valckenier lan anggota dhéwan rapat darurat. Ing rapat iku, Valckenier mréntah supaya ontran-ontran sing asalé saka wong Tionghoa bisa diaké kanthi kakerasan. {{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=111–113}} Nanging kaputusan iku ditentang déning fraksi van Imhoff; Vermeulen (1938){{efn|Dalam {{cite book|title = De Chineezen te Batavia en de troebelen van 1740|trans_title = Warga Tionghoa di Batavia dan Masaalah Pada Tahun 1740|last = Vermeulen|first = Johannes Theodorus|year = 1938|language = Nèderlan|publisher = Proefschrift|location = Leiden }}{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=298}}}} sing duwé panemu kategangan rong fraksi iku duwé peranan ing pambantéan.{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=298}}
Tanggal 1 Oktober wengi wong-wong Tionghoa wis padha kumpul ing ngarep gedhong Batavia, wong-wong Tionghoa ngamuk amarga omongané Valckenier limang dina kapungkur.{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|pp=465–466}} Nanging sawisé
== Prastawa ==
=== Pambantéan ===
[[Gambar:Chinezenmoord van stolk (3).jpg|thumb|300px|Omah-omah wong Tionghoa padha diobong]]
Sawisé golongan buruh pabrik gula katurunan Tionghoa brontak gawa gaman sing digawé dhéwé kanggo njarah lan mbakar pabrik,{{sfn|Kumar|1997|p=32}}{{efn|Atusan wong, tuladhané, pos penjagaan cilik ing Qual, cedhak Kali Tangerang lan dijaga 15 prajurit.{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|p=473}}}}sing jaréné kapimpin déning Kapitan Cina Ni Hoe Kong,{{efn|Miturut cathetan sejarah, Kong slamet saka serbuan lan pambantéan. Carané ora pati dingertèni, ana sing ngomong yèn dhèwèké umpetan ing ruwang bawah tanah kang ana ing omahé utawa nyamar dadi wadon banjur ing
Sawetara iku kabar ngenani wong Tionghoa sing arep matèni lan mrawasa wong pribumi wiwit nyebar ing ètnis liya, uga batur tukon saka [[Bali]] lan [[Sulawesi]] sarta prajurit [[Suku Bugis|Bugis]] lan [[Suku Bali|Bali]].{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=297}}{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=114–116}} Kanggo nyegah kadadéan iku, golongan-golongan ètnis liya wiwit ngobong omah-omahé wong Tionghoa ing Kali Besar. Banjur serangan saka Walanda marang wong Tionghoa ing Batavia. Pulitikus Walanda sing anti-kolonis [[Wolter Robert van Hoëvell|W.R. van Hoëvell]] nulis yèn "wong wadon sing lagi ngandhut lan nyusoni, bocah cilik, lan pria gaek mèlu ing serangan. Tahanan dibanté kaya domba."{{efn|Asli: "... ''Zwangere vrouwen, zoogende moeders, argelooze kinderen, bevende grijsaards worden door het zwaard geveld. Den weerloozen gevangenen wordt als schapen de keel afgesneden''").{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|p=485}}}}
Wadyabala pimpinané Letnan Hermanus van Suchtelen lan Kaptèn Jan van Oosten, serdhadhu Walanda sing slamet saka serangan ing serangan di Tanah Abang, mara menyang pacinan: Suchtelen lan widyabalané mara menyang pasar manuk,
Ésuké kakerasan mau nyebar, lan pasièn Tionghoa ing salah sawijining Rumah Sakit digawa metu lan dipateni.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=118–119}} Usaha kanggo nglereni kobongan ing Kali Besar during kasil, kobongan iku malah tambah ndadra, lan lagi mati tanggal 12 Oktober. {{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|pp=489–491}} Sawetara iku, kelompok sing jumlahe 800 widyabala Walanda lan 2.000 wong pribumi nyerbu Kampung Gading Melati, ana ing kana ana wong Tionghoa sing umpetan, pimpinané ya iku Khe Pandjang.{{efn|Jenengé dieja béda-béda ing manéka warna sumber, ya iku Khe Pandjang, Que Pandjang, Si Pandjang, atau Sie Pan Djiang.{{sfn|Raffles|1830|p=235}}{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=301}}{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=135}} Setiono nyebutaké jeneng asliné Oie Panko.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=135}}}} Nanging sanajan warga Tionghoa ngungsi ing wewengkon [[Paninggaran, Pekalongan|Paninggaran]], warag Tionghoa uga diusir déning widyabala Walanda. Sekitar 450 wong Walanda lan 800 wong Tionghoa sing dadi kurban ing ontran-ontran iku.{{sfn|Raffles|1830|p=235}}
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=== Prastawa manèh ===
[[Gambar:Chinezenmoord Van Stolk.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Tahanan Tionghoa dipateni wadyabala Walanda tanggal 10 Oktober 1740.]]
Tanggal 11Oktober, Valckenier ngakon opsir-opsir Walanda kanggo nglèrènaké jarah rayah, nanging ora kasil. {{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=300}} Ngesuké Dhéwan Hindhia nemtokaké yèn saben wong sing nggawa ndas wong Tionghoa arep diregani rong [[dukat]]; iku mau gawé mancing wong suku liya supaya mèlu mbantai wong Tionghoa.{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=300}} Akibaté, wong Tionghoa sing slamet saka serangan kapisan mulai digoleki “bandit” sing kepengen marang hadiahé.{{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=118–119}} Panguwasa Walanda lan golongan pribumi bareng-bareng ing Batavia; [[grenadir]] Bugis lan Bali sing dikirim kanggo nguwataké prajurit Walanda tanggal 14 Oktober.{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=300}} Tanggal 22 Oktober, Valckenier mrentahke supaya pambantéan dilereni. {{sfn|Setiono|2008|pp=118–119}} Ing surat sing isiné kesalahan kabèh saka wong Tionghoa nalika ontran-ontran ing Batavia, dhèwèké ngajak wong Tionghoa damai, kajaba pamimpin pamberontakan, dhèwèke ngajokaké
Préntah kanggo gencatan senjata tekan marang Crummel tanggal 2 November. Dheweké lan widyabalané bali menyang Batavia sawisé 50 wong sing njaga ing Cadouwang. Nalika Crummel teka ing Batavia, wis ora ana manèèh pamberontak Tionghoa sing ana ing njaba tembok.{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|pp=506–508}} Penjarahan banjur
== Asil ==
[[Gambar:Trapping of three councilmen of Dutch East Indies.jpg|thumb|200px|Van Imhoff lan anggota Dhéwan Hindhia liya ditangkap
Akèh Sejarawan sing nyathet yèn 10.000 wong Cina sing ana ing kutha Batavia dipatèni. Watara 600 nganti 700 omah diobong lan dijarah. {{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=119}}{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|pp=491–492}} Vermeulen nyatet yèn 600 wong Tionghoa slamet,{{sfn|Dharmowijono|2009|p=300}} déné sejarawan Indonésia A.R.T. Kemasang nyathet 3.000 jiwa sing slamet.{{sfn|Kemasang|1982|p=68}}
Valckenier olèh layang yèèn dhèwèké arep digantèkaké déning van Imhoff dadi gubernur Jendral taun 1741;{{sfn|Vanvugt|1985|p=106}} versi liya ya iku Heeren XVII ngganti Valckenier minangka ukuman akibat kakean ngekspor gula ora kopi taun 1739, sing ndadèkaké VOC rugi.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2001|p=124}}{{sfn|Raat|2010|p=82}} Nalika Valckenier olèh surat iku, van Imhoff isih ing ndalan arep menyang Wakanda. Valckenier lunga saka
Produksi gula ing Batavia mudhun akèh sawisé ontran-ontran, amarga wong Tionghoa sing biyèn ngurusi wis padha mati utawa ilang. Industri iku mulai turun secara drastis setelah pambantéan, sebab banyak orang Tionghoa yang dulu mengurus
== Prabawa ==
Vermeulen kandha yèn ontran-ontran iki salah sawijining prastawa sing misuwur ing kolonialisme [[Walanda]] abad 18. {{efn|Asli: "''... markante feiten uit onze 18e-eeuwse koloniale geschiedenis tot onderwerp genomen''".}}{{sfn|Terpstra|1939|p=245}} Ing disertasiné, W. W. Dharmowijono ngadhakaké yèn pogrom iki duwé peran sing gedhé ing sastra Walanda. Dharmowijono nyathet ana
Sejarawan asal Walanda [[Leonard Blussé]] nulis yèn Gègèr Pacinan ndadèkaké kutha Batavia tuwuh ngrembaka, nanging agawé dikotomi antarané [[ètnik|ètnis]] Tionghoa lan pribumi isih krasa nganti tekan pungkasan [[abad ka-20]].{{sfn|Blussé|1981|p=96}} Ontran-ontran iki uga ndadèkaké asal jeneng-jeneng sawetara laladan ing Jakarta. Kayata [[Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat|Tanah Abang]]m ya iku amarga akèh wong Tionghoa sing dipatèni ana ing kana; van Hoëvell duwé panemu yèn jeneng iku dianggo supaya wong Tionghoa slamet saka pogrom lan luwih rikat nrima [[amnèsti]].{{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=115}}{{sfn|van Hoëvell|1840|p=510}} Jeneng [[Rawa Bunga, Jatinegara, Jakarta Wétan|Rawa Bangke]] dijupuk saka tembung ''bangkai'' utaea jisim, amarga wong Tionghoa akèh sing dipatèni ana ing panggonan iku. {{sfn|Setiono|2008|p=115}}
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;Bibliografi
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