Basa Dari: Béda antara owahan

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→‎top: éjaan, replaced: . → ., hubungan → gayutan, kerajaan → karajan, merga → amarga, negara → nagara (2), senajan → sanajan
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{{Infobox language|name=Dari|altname=Dari Persian, Afghan Persian|nativename={{lang|prs|دری}}|image=Dari.png|imagesize=100px|imagecaption=''Dari'' in [[Persian script]]<br>([[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaʿlīq]] style)|pronunciation={{IPA-prs|dæˈɾi|}}|states=[[Afghanistan]]|region=|speakers={{sigfig|12.46|3}} million|date=2000–2011|ref=e18|speakers2=native language of 25–50% of the Afghan population.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af |title=CIA – The World Factbook, "Afghanistan", Updated on 8 July 2010 |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af&regionCode=sas&#af |title=CIA – The World Factbook, "Afghanistan", Updated on 8 July 2010 |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="AFGHANISTAN v. Languages">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages |title=AFGHANISTAN v. Languages|quote=''Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty five percent of the population...''|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]], online ed.|work=Ch. M. Kieffer|accessdate=10 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="UCLA">{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=191&menu=004 |title=Dari|publisher=[[University of California, Los Angeles]] |work=UCLA International Institute: Center for World Languages |accessdate=10 December 2010}}</ref>|familycolor=Indo-European|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]|fam3=[[Iranian languages|Iranian]]|fam4=[[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian]]|fam5=[[Southwestern Iranian languages|Southwestern Iranian]]|fam6=[[Persian language|Persian]]|dialects=[[Kabul|Kaboli]], [[Balkh Province|Mazari]], [[Herat]]i, [[Badakhshan Province|Badakhshi]], [[Panjshir Valley|Panjshiri]], [[Laghman Province|Laghmani]], [[Sistani dialect|Sistani]], [[Aimaq dialect|Aimaqi]], [[Hazaragi language|Hazaragi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranica.com/uploads/files/Afghanistan/v1f5a040a_t7_300.jpg |title=Iranica, "Afghanistan: v.Languages", Table 11 |date= |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref>|script=[[Persian alphabet]]|nation={{AFG}}|agency=[[Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan]]|lingua=58-AAC-ce (Dari) + 58-AAC-cdo & cdp (Hazaragi) + 58-AAC-ck (Aimaq)|lc1=prs|ld1=Dari, Afghan Persian|lc2=aiq|ld2=[[Aimaq dialect|Aimaq]]|lc3=haz|ld3=[[Hazaragi language|Hazaragi]]|glotto=dari1249|glottoname=Dari|glotto2=aima1241|glottoname2=Aimaq|glotto3=haza1239|glottoname3=Hazaragi|notice=IPA}}
'''Basa Dari''' atawa basa Pérsi-Dari, Pérsi-Afghan, ya iku dialék basa Pèrsi kang dituturnang ning [[Afghanistan]]. Basa iki dadi salah siji sing rong basa resmi Afghanistan, séjéné ya iku Basa Pashtun <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan: Anomalous Visions of History and Form|last=Ahmadi|first=Wali|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=0-203-94602-2|location=New York|pages=1-15}}</ref>. Tembung Dari iku asalé sing dar kang tegesé basa kerajaan ning jaman Kerajaan Sasaniyah<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dari|title=DARĪ|last=|first=|date=|website=Iranica Online|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=12 Sept 2017}}</ref>. Susunan wyakarana basaé ampir pada karo basa Pèrsia ning Iran<ref>{{Cite press release|title=A Learner’s Grammar of Dari|date=May 24, 2016|last1=Baker|first1=Adam}}</ref>. Minangka nagara dwibasa, basa Dari duwé posisi kang dominan tinimbang basa Pashtun. Akéh tulisan-tulisan modern kaya déné sastra iku ditulis nganggo basa Dari sanajan mayoritas Afghanistan iku suku Pasthun<ref name=":0" />. Nyebaré basa Dari ning nagara iku amarga nyebaré wong kang nganut agama Zoroastrian sing Iran. Penganut Zoroastrian kang rata-rata wong Pérsi iku ngadegnang désa-désa ning Qasémabad, Afghanistan. Wong Pérsia muslim liyané uga sumebar ning wewengkon kono, sesanding karo wong Pérsia Zoroastrian. Sedurungé jaman Islam, wong Afghanistan uga wis ana gayutan karo karajan Pérsia kuna. Mulané iku, basa Dari iku wis kaya basa linguafranca ning wong Pashtun Afghan<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Farudi|first=Annahita|last2=Toosarvandani|first2=M. Doustdar|date=2004|title=The Dari Language Project|url=|journal=Fieldwork Endeavor Summary of Findings|volume=|pages=1-15}}</ref>.
 
== Minangka basa sastra ==
Ning wewengkon negara Afghanistan, basa Dari wis kawentar dadi basa pengantar sastra<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Baker|first=Adam|date=|title=A Learner’s Grammar of Dari|url=|journal=Course|volume=|pages=4}}</ref>. Merga iku akéh keding karya sastra kang dicipta ning kana.  Sebab dadi basa sastra karana basa Dari uga dari basa ''lingua franca'' lan duwé sejarah kang suwé. Karya sastra Dari kang kawentar ya iku Shahnaméh kang ditulis karo Ferdouwsi. Déwéké dadi salah siji sastrawan Pérsi kang paling kawentar. Uga ana Rubayyat dening Umar Khayam. Ning kalangan wong-wong Éropa, Umar Khayam uga dadi sastrawan kang disenengi<ref name=":1" />.
 
== Pengaruh basa Dari ==
Basa Dari duwé pengaruh akéh ning daérah Asia Kidul, ya iku ning wewengkon Kerajaan Mughal lan Kesultanan Bengal<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=EQJHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=ghaznavids+brought+persian+to+south+asia&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=WSamVIHeGNLiavmygKAL&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=ghaznavids%20brought%20persian%20to%20south%20asia&f=false|title=South Asian Sufis: Devotion, Deviation, and Destiny|last=|first=|date=|website=Google Books|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=12 September 2017}}</ref>. Kerajaan-kerajaan iki nganggo basa Persi-Dari minangka basa resmi kerajaan. Merga iku, akéh tulisan basa Dari ning India.  Lan basa Urdu, Punjabi, lan Bengal uga kena pengaruh sing basa Dari Persi<ref name=":2" />.
 
== Rujukan ==