Barabudhur: Béda antara owahan

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'''Candhi Barabudhur''' utawa '''candhi Marabuda''' ({{lang-id|Candi Borobudur}}) iku [[candhi]] [[Mahayana|Buda Mahayana]] abad ping 9 sing kapernah ing [[Kabupatèn Magelang|Magelang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]]. Candhi iki minangka candhi Buda gedhé dhéwé sajagat,<ref name="Guiness">{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/largest-buddhist-temple/|title=Largest Buddhist temple|work=[[Guinness World Records]]|publisher=Guinness World Records|accessdate=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="JakartaPost1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/04/guinness-names-borobudur-world-s-largest-buddha-temple.html|title=Guinness names Borobudur world's largest Buddha temple|author=Purnomo Siswoprasetjo|date=4 July 2012 <!-- , 4:50 PM -->|publisher=The Jakarta Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105191424/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/07/04/guinness-names-borobudur-world-s-largest-buddha-temple.html|archivedate=5 November 2014|deadurl=unfit|accessdate=27 January 2014}}</ref> uga éwoning yasan Buda magrong ing jagat.<ref name="unesco-whc">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592|title=Borobudur Temple Compounds|work=[[UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=28 December 2008}}</ref> Candhi iki dumadi saka sangang tataran, enem wujud pasagi lan telu wujud bundher, kanthi pucukan wujud cungkup ing puseré. Candhi iki direnggani panèl rèlièf cacah 2.672 lan reca Buda cacah 504. Cungkup puseré kinubengan reca Buda lungguh cacah 72 sing padha dipapanaké ing njero [[Stupa|stupa-stupa]] sing bolong-bolong.<ref name="p35-36">Soekmono (1976), page 35–36.</ref>
 
Diyasa nalika abad ping 9 rikala panguwasané [[Wangsa Syailéndra|Wangsa Sailendra]], candhi iki acakrik yasan Buda Jawa, sing nyamboraké kapitayan asli Indonésia sing memuja leluhur lan ajaran Buda bab nggayuh Nirwana.<ref name="unesco-whc" /> Candhi iki nuduhaké anané pangaribawané kagunan Gupta sing dadi titikan anané pangaribawané bangsa [[Indhi|Indhu]] ing laladan enggonan kono, sanajan uga nuduhaké anané rupa-rupa adegan rèlièf asli enggonan kono sing njalari Barabudhur mono mirunggan asli Indonésia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/233|title=Borobudur : A Wonder of Indonesia History|date=|work=|publisher=Indonesia Travel|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414141049/http://www.indonesia.travel/en/destination/233|archivedate=14 April 2012|deadurl=yes|accessdate=5 April 2012|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jb364g4BvoC&pg=PA171|title=Buddhist Architecture|author=Le Huu Phuoc|date=April 2010|work=|publisher=Grafikol|accessdate=5 April 2012}}</ref> Yasan iki minangka papan pamujan marang [[Buda|Gusti Buda]] uga papan tirakaté wong-wong Buda. Ngayahi tirakat, lakuné diwiwiti saka pérangan dhasar candhi kanthi mlaku ngubengi yasan candhi tumuli munggah menyang pucuking candhi ngliwati telung tataran simbulis ing kosmologi Buda: ''Kāmadhātu'' (jagating pepénginan), ''Rupadhatu'' (jagating wujud/dumadi), lan ''Arupadhatu'' (jagating nirwujud). Ing yasan Barabudhur, wong sing teka bisa ngliwati undhak-undhakan sing akèh cacahé lan lurung-lurung sing témbok-témbok lan langkan-langkané ana panèlé [[Relief|rèlièf]] cacah 1.460 sing mawujud carita. Rèlièf-rèlièf Buda ing Barabudhur dadi kumpulan rèlièf Buda sing gedhé lan pepak dhéwé sajagat.<ref name="unesco-whc" /> <ref> [[Hary Gunarto]], Digital Preservation of Borobudur World Heritage and Cultural Treasures, Journal of Ritsumeikan Studies in Language and Culture, VOL 19, No 2, Kyoto, Nov. 2007, pp. 263-278. </ref>
 
Ana bukti sing nyethakaké yèn Barabudhur mono diyasa ing abad ping 9, banjur dilirwakaké sabubrahé karajan-karajan Indhu ing Jawa nalika abad ping 14 lan sasaliné agamané wong-wong Jawa dadi [[Islam]].<ref name="Soekmono4">Soekmono (1976), page 4.</ref> Wong-wong sajagat padha weruh anané Barabudhur amarga pawartané [[Stamford Raffles|Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles]] ing taun 1814 sing kala samana minangka panguwasa Britis ing [[Jawa]], sing dituduhi wong enggonan kono bab pernahé candhi iki. Kawit iku, Barabudhur dirumat ambal-ambalan lumantar sawenèh tumindak pamulihan. Tumindak pamulihan gedhé dhéwé diayahi antarané taun [[1975]] lan [[1982]] déning [[pamaréntah Indonésia]] lan [[UNESCO]], sawisé yasan candhiné dikepyakaké minangka [[Sana Warisan Donya|Situs Warisan Donya]] UNESCO.<ref name="unesco-whc" />