Neo soul: Béda antara owahan

'''Neo soul''' ya iku sijine jinis genre lelagu kang moncér. Istilah iki digawé dèning pengusaha indhustri lelagon Kedar Massenburg ing pungkasan taun 1990an kanggo nggambaraké gaya musik saliyané saka jiwa R&B lan kontemporér. Tegese, manut karo jiwa saka musik kang kurang konvènsional tinimbang R&B kontemporer saiki, kanthi unsur kang digabung saka jazz, funk, hip hop lan elektronik kanggo pop, gabungan, lan musik Afrika. Iki wis kacathet dèning panulis musik amarga R&B tradisional, lirik kang disengkuyung kanthi lila legawa, lan ngarsané wanita kang kuwat. Wiwit moncér pisanan ing swarané R&B kontemporér, neo soul wis ditambahi lan duwé pengaruh musikal liwat karya para seniman Amérika lan internasional. Ngarsané idé utama ing taun 2000-an, sanajan seniman kang anyar ana kanthi cara mandhiri. Miturut wartawan musik Mark Anthony Neal, "neo-soul lan manéka werna inkarnasi wis mbantu mbatesi watesan lan kontur pop ireng." <ref name="Neal" /> Neo Soul, ngrembaka nalika taun 1980an lan wiwitan taun 1990an, ing Amerika Sarékat uga Inggris, minangka pakumpulan kebangkitan jiwa. Kasil ing mangsa 1990an, kanthi seniman kang komersial lan kritis. Kalebu D'Angelo, Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, lan Maxwell. Musik dhèwéké dipasaraké minangka alternatif kanggo ngenalaké R&B.<ref>{{Cite namebook|url="Neal">Neal, Mark Anthony (2003). "[https://books.google.comco.id/books?id=MO6aD3CB0yQC&pg=PA117&lpg= &redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Songs in the Key of Black Life: A Rhythm and Blues Nation]".|last=Neal|first=Mark [[Routledge]]: pp. 117–118. Retrieved NovemberAnthony|date=2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-96571-2, 2011.|language=en}}</ref>

Neo soul asalé wiwit taun 1980-an lan wiwitan taun 1990-an, kanthi pakaryan musik kayata Pangeran, Tony! Toni! Toné !, Terence Trent D'Arby, Joi, lan Kondisi Mint, musik kang nyimpang saka konvensi R&B paling kontemporèr ing wayah kasebut. <ref name="Ehrlich">Ehrlich,{{Cite Dimitri. "[book|url=https://books.google.comco.id/books?id=yCUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72 Young Soul Rebels]". ''[[&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Vibe (magazine)|last=Group|first=Vibe]]'': 72. February Media|date=2002.-02|publisher=Vibe RetrievedMedia November 2, 2011.Group|language=en}}</ref> Salah sijiné anggota kang arané Raphael Shadiq suksès ing taun 1980-an kanthi musik kang nampilaké gaya sopisti-pop, nggabungaké unsur jiwa, pop, jazz lancar, lan lagu kang rada sepi lan ribut. <ref>[{{AllmusicCite web|class=explore|idurl=https://www.allmusic.com/style/d11379sophisti-pop-ma0000011994|pure_urltitle=yes}} Genre: Sophisti-pop].Pop Allmusic.Music RetrievedGenre May 9, 2010.Overview|website=AllMusic|language=en-us|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref> ''Band'' kasebut minangka bagèan saka gelombang anyar seniman R&B Inggris ing pungkasan taun 1980an lan wiwitan taun 1990an uga kalebu Jiwa II Soul, Caron Wheeler, The New New Heavies, Jamiroquai, lan Lisa Stansfield. <ref name="Henderson">Henderson, Alex (August 1, 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101104165122/http://allmusic.com/explore/essay/british-soul-t2160 British Soul]. Allmusic. Retrieved March 6, 2011.</ref> Husman Alex Henderson nyerat, "Akèh seniman Inggris katon sajroné wektu kasebut duwé pandhuwan neo soul lan bisa nyampur pengaruh saka macem-macem eras".<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/changeisgonnacom00wern_0|title=A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America|last=Werner|first=Craig Hansen|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2006|isbn=0-472-03147-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/changeisgonnacom00wern_0/page/327 327]–328|quote=Road to Freedom Young Disciples.=registration}}</ref> Progenitor Inggris ing gerakan jiwa neo ing wektu kasebut kalebu Murid-murid Muda lan Omar Lye-Fook, kang pungkasan dicuplik minangka "bapak neo-soul Inggris" lan pengaruh ing pirang-pirang seniman kang bakal teka.<ref name=":0" />

Sanajan sawetara ana selebriti kang disebut seniman, istilah iku digunakaké dèning para kritikus musik lan panulis kang nulis babagan seniman lan album, ana gandhengané karo gaya-gaya musik. Profesor pasinaon Amérika Afrika, Mark Anthony Neal nggambaraké neo soul minangka "kabèh saka R&B avant-garde migunaké jiwa tenanan anggoné ngracik lagu. Prodhuk nyoba ngembangaké apa waé ing njaba norma ing R&B.<ref name="Burch2">{{cite news|title=Neo-Soul: Past Future Perfect|last=Burch|first=Audra D.S.|date=June 3, 2001|newspaper=[[Richmond Times]]|page=H.2}}</ref> Miturut panyerat ing bagèan musik, karya genre neo soul kasebut berorientasi album lan dibedakaké karo musisi musikitas lan prodhuksi, nggabungaké unsur "organik" musik jiwa klasik kanthi gunané instrumèn langsung, bèda karo orièntasi, lan nyedhakaké contoh kang digawé dèning prodhusén R&B kontemporér. Dhèwéké uga nyemprotaké unsur musik ''jazz, funk'', lan Afrika dadi R&B.<ref>{{citeCite newsweb|url=httphttps://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-xpm-2012-nov-11-la-et-ms-rb-renaissance-miguel-20121111,0,3483680-story.storyhtml|title=Miguel helps lead the charge for an edgier kind of R&B; artist|last=KennedyFacebook|firstlast2=Gerrick D.Twitter|date=November 2012-11-11, 2012|newspaperwebsite=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdatelanguage=Novemberen-US|access-date=2020-06-19|last3=options|first3=Show 10,more 2012sharing|last4=Facebook|last5=Twitter|last6=LinkedIn|last7=Email|last8=URLCopied!|first8=Copy Link|last9=Print}}</ref> Ing buku ''Musical Rhythm in Age of Digital Reproduction'', panulis musik Anne Danielsen nulis manawa neo soul ing pungkasan taun 1990-an nampilaké pangembangan musik kang dadi bagèan "peningkatan èksprèsi musisi èkspèrimèn uga manipulasi alur ing microrhythmic level, ya iku mungahé musik kang biasané dingertèni babagan frasa lan wektu."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzEk1U6cGfEC&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Musical Rhythm in the Age of Digital Reproduction|last=Danielsen|first=Anne|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2010|isbn=1-4094-0340-8|page=19}}</ref>

Wartawan bagèan musik wis mènèhi kridit suksès saka Sugar Brown D'Angelo (1995), Badu's Baduizm (1997), Maxwell's Urban Hang Suite (1996), lan Hill's The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (1998) kanthi mbentuk lan nambah gerakan neo soul kanggo komèrsial visibilitas ing pungkasan taun 1990. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/68772459|title=The rough guide to punk|last=Spicer, Al.|date=2006|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-84353-473-8|edition=1st ed|location=London|oclc=68772459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=eQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21&dq=&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Billboard|last=Inc|first=Nielsen Business Media|date=1999-05-08|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/style/neo-soul-ma0000004426|title=Neo-Soul Music Genre Overview|website=AllMusic|language=en-us|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/maxwell-mn0000866491|title=Maxwell {{!}} Biography, Albums, Streaming Links|website=AllMusic|language=en-us|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref> Miturut Farley, album D'Angelo "ing jaman biyèn swarané dhèwé, kanthi ''keyboard humming'' emas lan vokal sénsual lan mèlodi ..."Lagu dhèwéké dkalebu lagu kang apik, prayoga", bisa nggawa semangat ikonoklastik kanggo jiwané musik, dipandègani Afrocentric headwraps, lilin dupa, lan lirik kang gawé adhem".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1085146865|title=Aaliyah : More Than a Woman.|last=Farley, Christopher John.|date=2002|publisher=MTV Books|isbn=978-0-7434-5566-4|location=New York|oclc=1085146865}}</ref>

Album Misedisi Hill nampilaké nyanyi kanthi lirik kang jero banget.<ref name=":1" /> Minangka sawijiné utama neo soul. Éntuk dodolan gedhé, lan limang Penghargaan Grammy. <ref name="Ryzik">{{citeCite web|url=https://www.nytimeslatimes.com/2008/03/02/artsentertainment/music/02ryzila-xpm-2012-nov-11-la-et-ms-rb-renaissance-miguel-20121111-story.html?pagewanted=all|title=TheMiguel Mindhelps lead the charge for an edgier kind of aR&B; One-Woman Multitudeartist|last=RyzikFacebook|firstlast2=MelenaTwitter|date=March 2, 20082012-11-11|workwebsite=[[TheLos New YorkAngeles Times]]|publisherlanguage=[[Theen-US|access-date=2020-06-19|last3=options|first3=Show Newmore Yorksharing|last4=Facebook|last5=Twitter|last6=LinkedIn|last7=Email|last8=URLCopied!|first8=Copy Times Company]]Link|accessdatelast9=October 27, 2011Print}}</ref> Ya iku film 1997 Love Jones ing album dadi lagu latar kasebut, mlebu ing Billboard lan ana uga seniman tampil kayata Hill, Maxwell, The Brand New Heavies, Me'Shell NdegéOcello, Groove Theory, lan Dionne Farris. <ref>{{cite news|last=Graham|first=Renee|date=June 4, 2002|at=Arts section, p. E.4|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/122892451.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+04%2C+2002&author=Renee+Graham%2C+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=NDEGEOCELLO'S+%60COOKIE'+SOARS+WITH+STREETWISE+SOUL&pqatl=googleCitation|title=Ndegeocello'sLove 'Cookie'Jones Soars[Original WithSoundtrack] Streetwise- Soul|newspaper=[[TheOriginal BostonSoundtrack Globe]]|accessdate=March{{!}} 16Songs, 2013}}</ref><ref>PromisReviews, JoseCredits F.{{!}} (August 1, 2003). [httpAllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/love-jones-original-soundtrack-r256697 Love Jones – Original Soundtrack]. Allmusic. Retrieved March 6, 2011.mw0000099334|language=en-us|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>

Artis wanita liya bubar banjur gawé album debut, kalebu Macy Grey, Angie Stone, lan Jill Scott. Sanajan ana album Scott Who Who Jill Scott? Tembung lan Swara Vol. 1 ora bakal bisa nerbitaké nganti 2000, dheweke nulis lan nyanyi lagu "You Got Me" (taun 1999 sing diceluk karo band hip hop The Roots) lan nampa ekspos kang luwih lengkap minangka pelaku pendukung wisata ing taun kasebut. <nowiki></ref></nowiki> The collective developed through the production work of The Roots' drummer and producer [[Questlove]].<ref name="Venable">{{citeCite journal|last=Venable|first=Malcolmbook|url=https://books.google.comco.id/books?id=tyUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mo' Money, Mo' ProblemsVibe|journallast=VibeGroup|publisherfirst=VIBE/SPINVibe VenturesMedia|issuedate=2002-10|volumepublisher=10|pages=124–128|date=OctoberVibe 2002Media Group|accessdatelanguage=November 13, 2011en}}</ref> Sawisé penurunan sithik jinis aliran, neo soul luwih popularitas ing taun 1999 kanthi suksès komèrsial dèning Hill, Maxwell, Eric Benét, Saadiq, lan Les Nubians. Èfek radhio kang luwih ing mèdiha R&B, nalika ana R&B kontemporer, kayata R. Kelly lan Aaliyah, kanggo nggabungaké unsur teks lan lirik lagu. <ref name="Farley2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwlBoSSahkYC&pg=PA54&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Aaliyah: More Than a Woman|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2001|isbn=0-7434-5566-5|pages=54–58}}</ref> Ing lagu Kelly "When a Woman's Fed Up" (1998), penyanyi kasebut, adhedhasar jiwa lan ngrujuk lagu Badu taun 1997 "Tyrone" ing lirik kasebut.