Ektoplasma (perdukunan): Béda antara owahan

'''Ektoplasma''' (saka basa Yunani ektos, sing artine "njaba", lan plasma, tegese "soko sing dibentuk utawa dicetak") yaiku istilah sing digunakake ing perdukunan kanggo nuduhake zat utawa energi spiritual "eksteriorisasi" dening medium fisik. Iki digawe ing taun 1894 dening peneliti psikis Charles Richet.<ref>Blom, Jan Dirk. (2010). ''A Dictionary of Hallucinations''. Springer. p. 168. {{ISBN|978-1-4419-1222-0}}</ref> Sanajan istilah kasebut nyebar ing budaya populer,<ref name="Badley1995">{{cite book|first=Linda|last=Badley|title=Film, Horror, and the Body Fantastic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PD1CZfa5wicC&pg=PA45|date=1995|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-313-27523-4|pages=45–}}</ref> eksistensi fisik ektoplasma ora ditrima dening ilmu pengetahuan<ref name="PulliamFonseca2016">{{cite book|first1=June|last1=Pulliam|first2=Anthony|last2=Fonseca|title=Ghosts in Popular Culture and Legend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUfpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA89|date=26 September 2016|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-1-4408-3491-2|pages=89–}}</ref><ref>[http://parapsych.org/glossary_e_k.html#e "Ectoplasm"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111023207/http://parapsych.org/glossary_e_k.html |date=2011-01-11 }}. Glossary of Key Words Frequently Used in [[Parapsychology]], [[Parapsychological Association]] (2006-01-24).</ref><ref name="Hines2003">{{cite book|first=Terence|last=Hines|title=Pseudoscience and the Paranormal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JOpq1LOGrr0C&pg=PA44|date=2003|publisher=[[Prometheus Books]]|location=Amherst, New York|isbn=978-1-61592-085-3|pages=44–}}</ref> lan akeh conto sing dikatutake dibabarake nalika iku namung hoaks ikang digawe saka cheesecloth, gauze utawa bahan kimia liyane.<ref>{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Stein|authorlink=Gordon Stein|date=1993|title=Encyclopedia of Hoaxes|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofho0000stei|url-access=registration|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale Group]]|location=Farmington Hills, Michigan|ISBN=0-8103-8414-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofho0000stei/page/205 205]|quote=One strange phenomena of spiritualism, once popular, was the production of ectoplasm. This was a white substance that appeared to ooze from various openings of the medium's body. It was usually made of gauze, chiffon, or cheesecloth, often soaked or treated with various substances.}}</ref><ref name="Frazier2009">{{cite book|first=Kendrick|last=Frazier|title=Science Under Siege: Defending Science, Exposing Pseudoscience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8e5-URInCUC&pg=PA330|year=2009|publisher=[[Prometheus Books]]|location=Amherst, New York|isbn=978-1-61592-594-0|pages=330–}}</ref>