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==Reca Buddha==
[[File:Borobudur-perfect-buddha.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A Buddha statue with the hand position of ''[[Dharmachakra|dharmachakra mudra]]'']]
 
Liya saka carita kosmologi Buddha kang kaukir ing watu, Barabudhur ngemu akèh reca Buddha manéka rupa. Reca-reca kang lungguh sila mujudaké lungguh padma lan kasebar ing panggungan kothak cacah lima (tataran Rupadhatu), uga ing panggungan pucuk (tataran Arupadhatu).
 
Apart from the story of the [[Buddhist cosmology]] carved in stone, Borobudur has many statues of various Buddhas. The cross-legged statues are seated in a [[lotus position]] and distributed on the five square platforms (the ''Rupadhatu'' level), as well as on the top platform (the ''Arupadhatu'' level).
 
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The Buddha statues are in niches at the ''Rupadhatu'' level, arranged in rows on the outer sides of the balustrades, the number of statues decreasing as platforms progressively diminish to the upper level. The first balustrades have 104 niches, the second 104, the third 88, the fourth 72 and the fifth 64. In total, there are 432 Buddha statues at the ''Rupadhatu'' level. At the ''Arupadhatu'' level (or the three circular platforms), Buddha statues are placed inside perforated [[stupa]]s. The first circular platform has 32 stupas, the second 24 and the third 16, which adds up to 72 stupas. Of the original 504 Buddha statues, over 300 are damaged (mostly headless), and 43 are missing. Since the monument's discovery, heads have been acquired as collector's items, mostly by Western museums. Some of these Buddha heads are now displayed in numbers of museums, such as the [[Tropenmuseum]] in [[Amsterdam]], [[Guimet Museum|Musée Guimet]] in Paris, and [[The British Museum]] in [[London]]. Germany has in 2014 returned its collection and funded their reattachment and further conservation of the site.
 
Satlereman, kabèh reca Buddha katon mirib, nanging ana béda sithik ing antaraning reca-reca iku ing babagan mudra, utawa pernahing tangan. Ana lima golongan mudra: Lor, Wétan, Kidul, Kulon, lan Punjer, kang nengeri kéblat cacah lima miturut ajaran Mahayana. Pager langkang cacah papat kang kawitan ngemu mudra cacah papat kang kawitan: Lor, Wétan, Kidul, lan Kulon, kang reca-reca Buddhané macak mudrané dhéwé-dhéwé ing saben kéblat. Reca-reca Buddha ing pager langkan angka lima lan ing sajeroning 72 stupa ing panggungan pucuk macak mudra kang padha: Punjer. Saben mudra makili siji Buddha Dhyani Lima; sabené ngemu simbul dhéwé-dhéwé.<ref name="KdQFg" />
 
[[File:WLANL - Pachango - Tropenmuseum - Kop Borobudur.jpg|thumb|upright|Head from a Borobudur Buddha statue in [[Tropenmuseum]], Amsterdam.]]
[[File:Headless buddha.jpg|thumb|upright|Headless Buddha statue in Borobudur. Since its discovery, numbers of heads have been stolen and installed in museums abroad.]]
[[File:Borobudur Lion Guardian.jpg|thumb|upright|Lion gate guardian]]
At first glance, all the Buddha statues appear similar, but there is a subtle difference between them in the ''[[mudra]]s,'' or the position of the hands. There are five groups of ''mudra'': North, East, South, West and Zenith, which represent the five cardinal compass points according to [[Mahayana]]. The first four balustrades have the first four ''mudras'': North, East, South and West, of which the Buddha statues that face one compass direction have the corresponding ''mudra''. Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and inside the 72 stupas on the top platform have the same ''mudra'': [[Zenith]]. Each ''mudra'' represents one of the [[Five Dhyani Buddhas]]; each has its own symbolism.<ref name="KdQFg" />
 
Ngetutaké urutaning ''Pradakshina'' (ngubengi manut lakuning jam) saka Kulon, mudra-mudra ing reca-reca Barabudhur ana:
 
Following the order of ''Pradakshina'' (clockwise circumumbulation) starting from the East, the ''mudras'' of the Borobudur buddha statues are:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%;"
|-
! style="width:70px;"|Reca
Statue
! style="width:70px;"|Mudra
! style="width:140px;"|Tegesing simbul
Symbolic meaning
! style="width:80px;"|Buddha Wicaksana
Dhyani Buddha
! style="width:60px;"|Titik kéblat
Cardinal Point
! style="width:100px;"|Pernahing reca
Location of the Statue
|-
|[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur TMnr 10016277.jpg|70px]]
|''Bhumisparsa mudra''
|Kandha marang bumi saperlu nyeksèni
|Calling the Earth to witness
|[[Aksobhya]]
|Wétan
|East
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four eastern balustrades
|Pranalaka Rupadhatu ing pager langkan wétan ing tataran angka siji tekan papat.
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four eastern balustrades
|-
|[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur TMnr 60013976.jpg|70px]]
|''Vara mudra''
|Laku becik; wèwèh sedhekah
|Benevolence, alms giving
|[[Ratnasambhava]]
|Kidul
|South
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four southern balustrades
|Pranalaka Rupadhatu ing pager langkan kidul ing tataran angka siji tekan papat.
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four southern balustrades
|-
|[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur voorstellende Dhyani Boeddha Amitabha TMnr 10016276.jpg|70px]]
|''Dhyana mudra''
|Semadi
|Concentration and meditation
|[[Amitabha]]
|Kulon
|West
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four western balustrades
|Pranalaka Rupadhatu ing pager langkan kulon ing tataran angka siji tekan papat.
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four western balustrades
|-
|[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur voorstellende Dhyani Boeddha Amogasiddha TMnr 10016274.jpg|70px]]
|''Abhaya mudra''
|Sudira
|Courage, fearlessness
|[[Amoghasiddhi]]
|Lor
North
|Pranalaka Rupadhatu ing pager langkan lor ing tataran angka siji tekan papat.
|''Rupadhatu'' niches on the first four northern balustrades
|-
|[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur voorstellende Dhyani Boeddha Vairocana TMnr 10015947.jpg|70px]]
|''Vitarka mudra''
|Waskita lan kautaman
|Reasoning and virtue
|[[Vairochana]]
|Punjer
|Zenith
|''Rupadhatu'' niches in all directions on the fifth (uppermost) balustrade
|Pranalaka Rupadhatu ing pager langkan kabèh kéblat ing tataran lima (dhuwur dhéwé).
|''Rupadhatu'' niches in all directions on the fifth (uppermost) balustrade
|-
|[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur TMnr 60019836.jpg|70px]]
|''[[Dharmachakra|Dharmachakra mudra]]''
|TurningNgobahaké the Wheel ofrodhaning ''dharma'' (lawpranata)
|[[Vairochana]]
|Punjer
|Zenith
|''Arupadhatu'' in 72 perforated stupas on three rounded platforms
|Arupadhatu ing stupa bolong-bolong cacah 72 ing panggungan bundher cacah telu.
|''Arupadhatu'' in 72 perforated stupas on three rounded platforms
|}