Naraguna:Wirjadisastra/bak wedhi: Béda antara owahan

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Larik 295:
[[File:Borobudur Reliefs Position en.svg|thumb|left|The position of narrative bas-reliefs stories on Borobudur wall]]
 
Barabudhur kaadegaké kanthi ngatonaké téras-térasé, nuduhaké tata wangun kang njlimet saka téras-téras kang rinenggan rèlièf-cèthèk ing pérangan sor tumeka téras-téras bundher aran Arupadhatu kang tanpa rerenggan.<ref name="LUQR2" /> Témboking téras cacah papat ing pérangan sor macak ukiran rèlièf-cèthèk. Rerenggan iku ingaran édi-péni tur alus ing jagat Buddha kuna.<ref name="UBDsh" />
Borobudur is constructed in such a way that it reveals various levels of terraces, showing intricate architecture that goes from being heavily ornamented with bas-reliefs to being plain in ''Arupadhatu'' circular terraces.<ref name="LUQR2" /> The first four terrace walls are showcases for bas-relief sculptures. These are exquisite, considered to be the most elegant and graceful in the ancient Buddhist world.<ref name="UBDsh" />
 
Borobudur is constructed in such a way that it reveals various levels of terraces, showing intricate architecture that goes from being heavily ornamented with bas-reliefs to being plain in ''Arupadhatu'' circular terraces.<ref name="LUQR2" /> The first four terrace walls are showcases for bas-relief sculptures. These are exquisite, considered to be the most elegant and graceful in the ancient Buddhist world.<ref name="UBDsh" />
The bas-reliefs in Borobudur depicted many scenes of daily life in 8th-century ancient Java, from the courtly palace life, hermit in the forest, to those of commoners in the village. It also depicted temple, marketplace, various flora and fauna, and also [[Indonesian architecture|native vernacular architecture]]. People depicted here are the images of king, queen, princes, noblemen, courtier, soldier, servant, commoners, priest and hermit. The reliefs also depicted mythical spiritual beings in Buddhist beliefs such as [[Asura (Buddhism)|asuras]], gods, [[boddhisattva|bodhisattva]]s, [[kinnara]]s, [[gandharva]]s and [[apsara]]s. The images depicted on bas-relief often served as reference for historians to research for certain subjects, such as the study of architecture, weaponry, economy, fashion, and also mode of transportation of 8th-century [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]. One of the famous renderings of an 8th-century Southeast Asian double outrigger ship is [[Borobudur Ship]].<ref name="QeTbh" /> Today, the actual-size replica of Borobudur Ship that had sailed from Indonesia to Africa in 2004 is displayed in the [[Samudra Raksa Museum]], located a few hundred meters north of Borobudur.<ref name="w8rJ4" />
 
Rèlièf-cèthèk ing Barabudhur nggambaraké akèh adegan kaanan sadina-dina ing Jawa kuna abad angka 8, saka kaananing karaton, patapan ing sajeroning alas, nganti kauripaning wong cilik ing désa. Rèlièf-rèlièfé uga nggambaraké papan pamujan, pasar, manéka kéwan lan tetuwuhan, uga wewangunan asli Jawa. Wong-wong kang kagambaraké ing rèlièf ana ratu, paramèswari, pangéran, ménak, wong praja, wadyabala, batur, wong cilik, pandhita, lan wong tapa. Rèlièfé uga nggambaraké wewujudan alusan ing ajaran Buddha kaya ta asura, déwa-déwi, bodhisattwa, manuk kinnara, gandharwa, lan apsara. Gegambaran kan kapacak ing rèlièf sok minangka jujuganing para sajarawan nalika naliti bab tata wangun, tata gaman, ékonomi, tata busana, lan tata angkudan ing abad angka 8 ing kapuloan Asia Kidul-Wétan. Salah siji gambar kang kondhang ya iku prau mawa katir cacah loro saka Asia Kidul-Wétan abad angka 8 kang tinelah Prau Barabudhur.<ref name="QeTbh" /> Dinané iki, tetironing Prau Barabudhur kanthi gedhé kang satemené tur tau lelayaran saka Indonésia anjog Afrika ing 2004 pinajang ing Musiyum Raksa Samudra kang kapernah atusan mèter ing sakiduling Barabudhur.<ref name="w8rJ4" />
 
The bas-reliefs in Borobudur depicted many scenes of daily life in 8th-century ancient Java, from the courtly palace life, hermit in the forest, to those of commoners in the village. It also depicted temple, marketplace, various flora and fauna, and also [[Indonesian architecture|native vernacular architecture]]. People depicted here are the images of king, queen, princes, noblemen, courtier, soldier, servant, commoners, priest and hermit. The reliefs also depicted mythical spiritual beings in Buddhist beliefs such as [[Asura (Buddhism)|asuras]], gods, [[boddhisattva|bodhisattva]]s, [[kinnara]]s, [[gandharva]]s and [[apsara]]s. The images depicted on bas-relief often served as reference for historians to research for certain subjects, such as the study of architecture, weaponry, economy, fashion, and also mode of transportation of 8th-century [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]. One of the famous renderings of an 8th-century Southeast Asian double outrigger ship is [[Borobudur Ship]].<ref name="QeTbh" /> Today, the actual-size replica of Borobudur Ship that had sailed from Indonesia to Africa in 2004 is displayed in the [[Samudra Raksa Museum]], located a few hundred meters north of Borobudur.<ref name="w8rJ4" />
 
The Borobudur reliefs also pay close attention to Indian aesthetic discipline, such as pose and gesture that contain certain meanings and aesthetic value. The reliefs of noblemen, noble women, kings, or divine beings such as [[apsara]]s, [[Tara (Buddhism)|tara]]s and boddhisattvas are usually portrayed in [[tribhanga]] pose, the three-bend pose on neck, hips, and knee, with one leg resting and one upholding the body weight. This position is considered as the most graceful pose, such as the figure of [[Surasundari]] holding a lotus.<ref name="Zdcr0" />