Kumkuma: Béda antara owahan

'''Kumkuma''' (saka basa Sangsekerta: कुङ्कुम; Latin: ''kuṅkuma'') iku [[Bumbon crakèn|bumbu]] kang asalé saka kembang wit kumkuma (''Crocus sativus''). Kumkuma racaké digaringaké kanggo dadi bumbu lan pawarna panganan. Kumkuma wis suwé dadi bumbu kang larang ing donya.{{Sfn|Rau|1969}}{{Sfn|Hill|2004}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-pics-world-s-costliest-spice-blooms-in-kashmir/20121109.htm|title=World's COSTLIEST spice blooms in Kashmir|publisher=[[Rediff]]|access-date=7 January 2013}}</ref> Sanajan durung pesthi,<ref name="Gresta et al.">{{Cite journal|last=Gresta|first=F.|last2=Lombardo|first2=G. M.|last3=Siracusa|first3=L.|last4=Ruberto|first4=G.|year=2008|title=Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886393/document|journal=Agronomy for Sustainable Development|volume=28|issue=1|pages=95–112|doi=10.1051/agro:2007030}}</ref> diprecaya asaling wit kumkuma saka [[Iran]].<ref name="Ghorbani et al.">{{Cite book|url=https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02801642/file/Sustainable%20Agriculture%20Reviews%2014%20-%20Front%20Matter_1.pdf|title=Sustainable Agriculture Reviews|last=Ghorbani|first=R.|last2=Koocheki|first2=A.|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=978-3-319-58679-3|editor-last=Lichtfouse|editor-first=Eric|pages=170–171|chapter=Sustainable Cultivation of Saffron in Iran|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-58679-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdksDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170}}</ref> Mangkonoa, Yunani lan Mésopotamia uga dinuga minangka papan asaling wit iki: Harold McGee<ref> Harold McGee. On Food and Cooking, 2004 edition, pg 422. Scribner, New York, NY, </ref> kandha yèn wit kumkuma dipomahaké ing Yunani utawa ing sacedhaké nalika Jaman Prunggu. ''C. sativus'' bokmanawa minangka wujud [[Poliploidi|triploid]] saka ''Crocus cartwrightianus'',{{Sfn|Grilli Caiola|2003}} kang uga diparabi "kumkuma alas".{{Sfn|Kafi et al.|2006}}<ref name="Schmidt et al.">{{Cite journal|last=Schmidt|first=Thomas|last2=Heitkam|first2=Tony|last3=Liedtke|first3=Susan|last4=Schubert|first4=Veit|last5=Menzel|first5=Gerhard|year=2019|title=Adding color to a century-old enigma: multi-color chromosome identification unravels the autotriploid nature of saffron (''Crocus sativus'') as a hybrid of wild ''Crocus cartwrightianus'' cytotypes|journal=New Phytologist|volume=222|issue=4|pages=1965–1980|doi=10.1111/nph.15715|issn=1469-8137|pmid=30690735}}</ref><ref name="Harpke et al.">{{Cite journal|last=Harpke|first=Dörte|last2=Meng|first2=Shuchun|last3=Rutten|first3=Twan|last4=Kerndorff|first4=Helmut|last5=Blattner|first5=Frank R.|date=2013-03-01|title=Phylogeny of ''Crocus'' (Iridaceae) based on one chloroplast and two nuclear loci: Ancient hybridization and chromosome number evolution|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=66|issue=3|pages=617–627|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.007|issn=1055-7903|pmid=23123733}}</ref> Kembang kumkuma alon-alon sumebar ing saindenging [[Éurasia]] lan banjur digawa menyang manéka laladan ing [[Afrika Lèr|Afrika Lor]], [[Amérikah Lor|Amérika Lor]], lan [[Oséania]] .