Naraguna:Wirjadisastra/bak wedhi: Béda antara owahan

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Larik 260:
Ora akèh kang kaweruhan bab Gunadharma kang yasa sasana Barabudhur.<ref name="Long" /> Jenengé njedhul saka carita rakyat Jawa, dudu prasasti.
 
Ékan pangukur pokok(''unit of measurement'') baku kang katrapaké nalika yasa Barabudhur iku ''tala'', kang dawané sarai manungsa saka watesing rambut ing bathuk tumeka pucuking janggut utawa dawané saka pucuking jempol tumeka pucuking driji panengah kang kawengakaké nganti pantog.<ref name="Atmadi1988" /> Mula, ékan iku béda dawané saben wong, nanging yasan Barabudhur pangukuré ajeg. Panaliti kang katindakaké ing 1977 kasil nemokaké ping wola-walisawatara bebandhingan 4:6:9 ing saindenging yasan. Kang arsitèkngrancang yasan nganggo wewaton iku nalika ngrancang Barabudhur mawa alang-ujung kang patitis sarana géomètri fraktal lan sarupa dhiri (''self-similar'').<ref name="Atmadi1988" /><ref name="fraktal" /> Bebandhingan iku uga tinemu ing rancanganing Pawon lan MendhutMendut kang uga minangka papan pamujan Buddha ing cedhak kana. Arkéolog ndeduga yèn bebandhingan 4:6:9 lan ékan ''tala'' ngemu surasa pananggalan, astronomi, lan kosmologi, kaya déné papan pamujan Angkor Wat ing Kamboja.<ref name="Long" />
Little is known about [[Gunadharma]], the architect of the complex. His name is recounted from Javanese folk tales rather than from written inscriptions.
 
Yasan pokokbaku bisa kapérang dadi telu: dhasarandhasar, awakanawak, lan pucuk.<ref name="Long" /> Pérangan dhasarandhasar ambané 123 m x 123 m mawa témbok 4 mèter.<ref name="Soekmono16" /> Pérangan awakanawak kapérang dadi tlundhag pasagi cacah lima kang dhuwuring tlundhag saya sudadhuwur nalikatatarané saya dhuwurciyut tataranéambané. TérasLorogan kapisan kawiwitan 7 mèter mlebu saka pinggiring dhasaranpérangan dhasar. Saben téraslorogan candhakémandhuwur kawiwitan 2 mèter saka téraslorogan sadurungésangisoré, kang dadinurahaké lurung sempit ing saben tlundhag. Pérangan pucuk kapérang dadi tlundhag bunder cacah telu kang saben tlundhagé ngemu salarik stupa bolong-bolong kang tinata jèjèr ngubengi stupa panunggul ing tengah. Pucuking kupelstupa panunggul iku dadi titik dhuwur dhéwé yasan BarabudhuttBarabudhur, ya iku 35 mèter saka lumahing palemahan. Undhakan ing satengahing saben sisih kang cacah papat dadi dalan kang ngener pucuk. Undhakan iku kacakankatrepan sawatara gapura plengkung mawa reca singa cacah 32. Gapura-gapurané rinenggan sirahing Kala ing pérangan dhuwuréndhuwuré lan Makara ing kiwasakiwa-tengené. Rerenggan Kala-Makara lumrah tinemu ing gapura-gapuraning papan pamujan Jawa. Dalan mlebu kang baku ana ing sisih kiwa, ya iku pernahing rélièf carita kang kapisan. Undhakan ing pèrènging gumuk uga nggayutaké yasan karo ngaré ing sangisoré.
Ékan pangukur pokok kang katrapaké nalika yasa iku ''tala'', kang dawané sarai manungsa saka watesing rambut ing bathuk tumeka pucuking janggut utawa dawané saka pucuking jempol tumeka pucuking driji panengah kang kawengakaké nganti pantog.<ref name="Atmadi1988" /> Mula, ékan iku béda dawané saben wong, nanging yasan Barabudhur pangukuré ajeg. Panaliti kang katindakaké ing 1977 kasil nemokaké ping wola-wali bebandhingan 4:6:9 ing saindenging yasan. Kang arsitèk nganggo wewaton iku nalika ngrancang Barabudhur mawa alang-ujung kang patitis sarana géomètri fraktal lan sarupa dhiri.<ref name="Atmadi1988" /><ref name="fraktal" /> Bebandhingan iku uga tinemu ing rancanganing Pawon lan Mendhut kang uga minangka pamujan Buddha ing cedhak kana. Arkéolog ndeduga yèn bebandhingan 4:6:9 lan ékan ''tala'' ngemu surasa pananggalan, astronomi, lan kosmologi, kaya déné pamujan Angkor Wat ing Kamboja.<ref name="Long" />
 
The basic unit of measurement used during construction was the ''tala'', defined as the length of a human face from the forehead's hairline to the tip of the chin or the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger when both fingers are stretched at their maximum distance. The unit is thus relative from one individual to the next, but the monument has exact measurements. A survey conducted in 1977 revealed frequent findings of a ratio of 4:6:9 around the monument. The architect had used the formula to lay out the precise dimensions of the [[fractal]] and [[Self-similarity|self-similar]] geometry in Borobudur's design. This ratio is also found in the designs of Pawon and Mendut, nearby Buddhist temples. Archeologists have conjectured that the 4:6:9 ratio and the ''tala'' have calendrical, astronomical and cosmological significance, as is the case with the temple of [[Angkor Wat]] in Cambodia.
 
Yasan pokok bisa kapérang dadi telu: dhasaran, awakan, lan pucuk.<ref name="Long" /> Pérangan dhasaran ambané 123 m x 123 m mawa témbok 4 mèter.<ref name="Soekmono16" /> Pérangan awakan kapérang dadi tlundhag pasagi cacah lima kang dhuwuring tlundhag saya suda nalika saya dhuwur tatarané. Téras kapisan kawiwitan 7 mèter saka pinggiring dhasaran. Saben téras candhaké kawiwitan 2 mèter saka téras sadurungé, kang dadi lurung sempit ing saben tlundhag. Pérangan pucuk kapérang dadi tlundhag bunder cacah telu kang saben tlundhagé ngemu salarik stupa bolong-bolong kang tinata ngubengi stupa panunggul ing tengah. Pucuking kupel iku dadi titik dhuwur dhéwé yasan Barabudhutt, ya iku 35 mèter saka lumahing palemahan. Undhakan ing satengahing saben sisih kang cacah papat dadi dalan kang ngener pucuk. Undhakan iku kacakan sawatara gapura plengkung mawa reca singa cacah 32. Gapura-gapurané rinenggan sirahing Kala ing pérangan dhuwuré lan Makara ing kiwa-tengené. Rerenggan Kala-Makara lumrah tinemu ing gapura-gapuraning pamujan Jawa. Dalan mlebu kang baku ana ing sisih kiwa, ya iku pernahing rélièf carita kang kapisan. Undhakan ing pèrènging gumuk uga nggayutaké yasan karo ngaré ing sangisoré.
 
The main structure can be divided into three components: base, body, and top. The base is {{convert|123|x|123|m|ft|abbr=on}} in size with {{convert|4|m|ft}} walls. The body is composed of five square platforms, each of diminishing height. The first terrace is set back {{convert|7|m|ft}} from the edge of the base. Each subsequent terrace is set back {{convert|2|m|ft}}, leaving a narrow corridor at each stage. The top consists of three circular platforms, with each stage supporting a row of perforated ''[[stupa]]s'', arranged in [[Concentric|concentric circles]]. There is one main dome at the center, the top of which is the highest point of the monument, {{convert|35|m|ft}} above ground level. Stairways at the center of each of the four sides give access to the top, with a number of arched gates overlooked by 32 lion statues. The gates are adorned with [[Kāla (time)|Kala]]'s head carved on top of each and [[Makara (Hindu mythology)|Makaras]] projecting from each side. This Kala-Makara motif is commonly found on the gates of Javanese temples. The main entrance is on the eastern side, the location of the first narrative reliefs. Stairways on the slopes of the hill also link the monument to the low-lying plain.
 
==Rélièf==
[[File:Borobudur Reliefs Position en.svg|thumb|left|The position of narrative bas-reliefs stories on Borobudur wall]]
 
Barabudhur kaadegaké kanthi ngatonaké téraslorogan-térasélorogané, nuduhaké tata wangun kang njlimet saka téraslorogan-téraslorogan kang rinenggan rélièf cèthèk (''bas-relief'') ing pérangan sor tumeka téraslorogan-téraslorogan bunder aran Arupadhatu kang tanpa rerenggan.<ref name="LUQR2" /> Témboking téraslorogan cacah papat ing pérangan sor macak ukiran rélièf cèthèk. Rerenggan iku ingaran édi-péni tur alus ing jagat Buddha kuna.<ref name="UBDsh" />
 
Borobudur is constructed in such a way that it reveals various levels of terraces, showing intricate architecture that goes from being heavily ornamented with bas-reliefs to being plain in ''Arupadhatu'' circular terraces. The first four terrace walls are showcases for bas-relief sculptures. These are exquisite, considered to be the most elegant and graceful in the ancient Buddhist world.