Wikipédia

Hanyu Pinyin: Béda antara owahan

Luru sajarah
← Besutan sadurungéBesutan sawisé →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTèks wiki
TjBot (parembugan | pasumbang)
Bot
3.733 suntingan
c r2.7.2) (bot Mengubah: fa:پین‌یین
Xqbot (parembugan | pasumbang)
40.737 suntingan
c r2.7.3) (bot Menambah: af:Pinyin; kosmetik perubahan
Larik 18:
''Hànyǔ'' tegesé basa pocapan saka [[Wong Han]] lan ''pinyin'' sacara harfiah tegesé "pocapan" ([[phonetics]]).<ref name="Harbaugh">{{cite web|url=http://zhongwen.com/d/186/x126.htm|title=中文字普 (Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary) |last= Harbaugh |first= Richard |year= 1998 |publisher= Zhongwen.com |accessdate= 2008-04-27 }}</ref>
 
=== Inisial ===
Ing saben sèl ing ngisor, baris pisanan nuduhaké [[helpPitulung:IPA|IPA]], baris kaloro nuduhaké pinyin.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
|
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan bilabial |Bilabial]]
!|[[Konsonan labiodental |Labio-<br />dental]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan alveolar |Alveolar]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan retroflex |Retroflex]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan alveolo-palatal |Alveolo-<br />palatal]]
!|[[Konsonan palatal |Palatal]]
!colspan="2"|[[Konsonan velar |Velar]]
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan plosive |Plosive]]
|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[p]}}<br />b
|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[pʰ]}}<br />p
|
|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[t]}}<br />d
|style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʰ]}}<br />t
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|
|style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[k]}}<br />g
|style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[kʰ]}}<br />k
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
|colspan="2;" style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[m]}}<br />m
|
|colspan="2;" style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[n]}}<br />n
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
Larik 53:
|colspan="2"|
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan liquid |Liquid]]
|colspan="2"|
|
|colspan="2;" style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[l]}}<br />l
|colspan="2;" style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ɻ~ʐ]}}<sup>1</sup><br />r
|colspan="2"|
|
|colspan="2"|
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan affricate |Affricate]]
|colspan="2"|
|
|style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ts]}}<br />z
|style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tsʰ]}}<br />c
|style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʂ]}}<br />zh
|style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tʂʰ]}}<br />ch
|style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tɕ]}}<br />j
|style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[tɕʰ]}}<br />q
|
|colspan="2"|
Larik 76:
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Konsonan fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|colspan="2" | &nbsp;
|style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[f]}}<br />f
|colspan="2" style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[s]}}<br />s
|colspan="2" style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ʂ]}}<br />sh
|colspan="2" style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[ɕ]}}<br />x
|
|colspan="2" style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[x]}}<br />h
|-
!style="text-align: left;"|[[Semivowel]]
Larik 89:
|colspan="2" |
|colspan="2" |
|style="text-align: center;"|{{IPA|[j]}}<sup>2</sup>&nbsp; or {{IPA|[ɥ]}}<sup>3</sup><br />y&nbsp;&nbsp;
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"|{{IPA|[w]}}<sup>2</sup><br />w
|}
<sup>1</sup> {{IPA|/ɻ/}} may phonetically be {{IPA|[ʐ]}} (a [[voiced retroflex fricative]]). Pocapan iki owah miturut pamicara, lan dudu rong fonèm kang béda.<br />
<sup>2</sup> Aksara "w" lan "y" ora kalebu ing tabel wiwitan iki. Ana konvènsi orthographic tumrap medial "i", "u" lan "ü" sing ora ana ing tabel wiwitan. Yèn "i", "u" utawa "ü" pungkasan lan ora ana wiwitané, diwaca "yi", "wu", lan "yu".<br />
<sup>3</sup> "y" dipocapaké {{IPA|[ɥ]}} (a [[labial-palatal approximant]]) sadurungé "u".
 
Larik 107:
|}
 
=== Final ===
{{mandarin vowels}}
Tabel ig ngisor iki mènèhi kombinasi medial lan pungkasn (final) miturut analisis sing duwé asumsi mung loro nuclei vowel, /a/ lan /ə/;<ref name="Hashimoto">{{Cite book
Larik 134:
|∅||{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|y}}
|-
|rowspan=5 style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|/a/}}||style="background:#efefef"|∅||{{IPA|[ɑ]}}<br />a<br />-a||{{IPA|[i̯ɑ]}}<br />ya<br />-ia||{{IPA|[u̯ɑ]}}<br />wa<br />-ua||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|[aɪ̯]}}<br />ai<br />-ai|| ||{{IPA|[u̯aɪ̯]}}<br />wai<br />-uai||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|[ɑʊ̯]}}<br />ao<br />-ao||{{IPA|[i̯ɑʊ̯]}}<br />yao<br />-iao|| ||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n}}||{{IPA|[an]}}<br />an<br />-an||{{IPA|[i̯ɛn]}}<br />yan<br />-ian||{{IPA|[u̯an]}}<br />wan<br />-uan||{{IPA|[y̯ɛn]}}<br />yuan<br />-üan <sup>2</sup>
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ}}||{{IPA|[ɑŋ]}}<br />ang<br />-ang||{{IPA|[i̯ɑŋ]}}<br />yang<br />-iang||{{IPA|[u̯ɑŋ]}}<br />wang<br />-uang||
|-
|rowspan=5 style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|/ə/}}||style="background:#efefef"|∅||{{IPA|[ɯ̯ʌ]}}<br />e<br />-e||{{IPA|[i̯ɛ]}}<br />ye<br />-ie||{{IPA|[u̯ɔ]}} <sup>3</sup><br />wo<br />-uo/-o||{{IPA|[y̯œ]}}<br />yue<br />-üe <sup>2</sup>
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|i}}||{{IPA|[eɪ̯]}}<br />ei<br />-ei|| ||{{IPA|[u̯eɪ̯]}}<br />wei<br />-ui||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|u}}||{{IPA|[ɤʊ̯]}}<br />ou<br />-ou||{{IPA|[i̯ɤʊ̯]}}<br />you<br />-iu|| ||
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|n}}||{{IPA|[ən]}}<br />en<br />-en||{{IPA|[in]}}<br />yin<br />-in||{{IPA|[u̯ən]}}<br />wen<br />-un||{{IPA|[yn]}}<br />yun<br />-ün <sup>2</sup>
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|{{IPA|ŋ}}||{{IPA|[əŋ]}}<br />eng<br />-eng||{{IPA|[iŋ]}}<br />ying<br />-ing||{{IPA|[u̯əŋ], [ʊŋ]}} <sup>4</sup><br />weng<br />-ong||{{IPA|[i̯ʊŋ]}}<br />yong<br />-iong
|-
|colspan=2 style="background:#efefef"|∅||{{IPA|[ɨ]}}<br /><br />-i||{{IPA|[i]}}<br />yi<br />-i||{{IPA|[u]}}<br />wu<br />-u||{{IPA|[y]}}<br />yu<br />-ü <sup>2</sup>
|}
<sup>1</sup> {{IPA|[ɑɻ]}} is written ''er''. For other finals formed by the suffix -r, pinyin does not use special orthography; one simply appends -r to the final that it is added to, without regard for any sound changes that may take place along the way. For information on sound changes related to final -r, please see [[Erhua#Rules]].<br />
Larik 163:
Sacara tèknik, ''i, u, ü'' tanpa dikanthèni vowel iku final, dudu medial, lan amarga saka kuwi nganggo tone marks. Saliyané kuwi, ''ê'' {{IPA|[ɛ]}} (欸, 誒) lan syllabic nasal ''m'' (呒, 呣), ''n'' (嗯, 唔), ''ng'' (嗯, 𠮾) dipigunakaké minangka [[interjection]].
 
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
== Wacan ==
*Yin Binyong 尹斌庸 and Mary Felley (1990). ''Chinese Romanization''. Pronunciation and Orthography (Hanyu pinyin he zhengcifa 汉语拼音和正词法). Beijing: Sinolingua. ISBN 7-80052-148-6 / ISBN 0-8351-1930-0.
*Gao, J. K. (2005). ''Pinyin shorthand: a bilingual handbook = [Pinyin su ji fa]''. Dallas, TX: Jack Sun. ISBN 1-59971-251-2
Larik 173:
*Wu, C.-j. (1979). ''The Pinyin Chinese–English dictionary''. Hong Kong: Commercial Press. ISBN 0-471-27557-3
 
== Pranala jaba ==
*[http://www.zdic.net/appendix/f43.htm (Proper sound of pinyin from zdic.net with sounds, require java script turned on)]
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Vocabulary Pinyin-Hanzi-English Chinese-English dictionary]
Larik 193:
 
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese|Official romanization adopted<br /> by the People's Republic of China]]|before=[[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]] | after=current|years=1958-}}
{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese|de facto used romanization <br /> by the People's Republic of China]]|before=[[Wade-Giles]] | after=current|years=1978-}}
{{succession box|title=[[Romanization of Chinese in Taiwan|Official romanization adopted<br /> by the Republic of China (Taiwan)]]|before=[[Tongyong Pinyin]] | after=current|years=2009-}}
{{s-end}}
 
Larik 204:
[[Kategori:Abjad fonètik]]
 
[[af:Pinyin]]
[[an:Pinyin]]
[[ar:بينيين]]
Dijupuk saka "https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin"