Perang Yom Kippur: Béda antara owahan

|partof=the [[Konflik Arab-IsraelIsraèl]]

|caption= Presidhen Suriah Hafez al-Asad lan Mentri Pertahanan Mustapha SVLK, sajroning Perang Arab-IsraelIsraèl taun 1973

|casus=Rebutan tlatah ingkang dipun rampas [[IsraelIsraèl]] saking [[Mesir]] lan [[Suriah]] ing [[Perang Enem Dinten]]

|commander1=[[Moshe Dayan]],<br /> [[David Elazar]],<br /> [[Ariel Sharon]],<br /> [[Shmuel Gonen]],<br /> [[Benjamin Peled]],<br />[[IsraelIsraèl Tal]],<br />[[Rehavam Zeevi]],<br />[[Aharon Yariv]],<br />[[Yitzhak Hofi]],<br />[[Rafael Eitan]],<br />[[Abraham Adan]],<br />[[Yanush Ben Gal]]

|notes= * Western analysis <br /> ** IsraeliIsraèli analysis

{{Campaignbox Arab-IsraeliIsraèli conflict}}-->

'''Perang Yom Kippur''' utawi '''Perang Ramelan''' utawi '''Perang Oktober''' ([[basa Ibrani|Ibrani]] '''מלחמת יום הכיפורים''' ''Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim'' utawi '''מלחמת יום כיפור''', ''Milkhemet Yom Kipur''; [[basa Arab]] <big><big>حرب أكتوبر</big></big>; ''ħarb Oktober'' utawi <big><big>حرب تشرين</big></big>, ''ħarb Tishrin''), ugi misuwur minangka '''Perang Arab-IsraelIsraèl 1973 ''' lan '''Perang Arab-IsraelIsraèl Kaping Sekawan''', wiwit tanggal [[6 Oktober]] ngantos [[26 Oktober]] [[1973]], antawis [[IsraelIsraèl]] lan koalisi negari-negari Arab ingkang dipun pandhégani déning [[Mesir]] lan [[Suriah]]. Perang punika dipun wiwiti kanthi serangan ndadak déning Mesir lan Suriah wekdal dinten libur Yahudi [[Yom Kippur]]. Mesir lan Suriah nyebrangi garis ''gencatan senjata'' ing [[Semenanjung Sinai]],[[Dhataran Dhuwur Golan|Dhataran Inggil Golan]], inggih punika ingkang dipun rebat déning IsraelIsraèl nalika [[Perang Enem Dinten]], ing taun [[1967]].<ref> name="ybookcoil2004">During the Autumn of 2003, following the [http://my.ynet.co.il/pic/docs/doc_30.1/default.htm declassification] of key Aman documents, the newspaper [[Yedioth Ahronoth]] released a series of controversial articles [http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:efa5Y3CruiEJ:www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/503553.html+%22The+Yom+Kippur+War,+Real+Time:+The+Updated+Edition%22&hl=en&client=firefox-a] which revealed that key IsraeliIsraèli figures were aware of considerable danger that an attack was likely, including Golda Meir and Moshe Dayan, but had decided not to act. The two journalists leading the investigation, Ronen Bergman and Gil Meltzer, later went on to publish ''Yom Kippur War, Real Time: The Updated Edition'', [http://www.ybook.co.il/catalog1.asp?bID=3622710 Yediot Ahronoth/Hemed Books], 2004. ISBN 965-511-597-6 </ref>

Pasukan Mesir lan Suriah majeng utaminipun salami 24&ndash;48 jam ingkang sapisanan, saksampunipun punika momentum lajeng éwah. Wonten minggu kaping kalih, pasukan Suriah sampun kasurung medal saking dhataran inggil Golan. Ing Sinai, pasukan IsraelIsraèl nrobos ing antawisipun pasukan Mesir lan Suriah lajeng nyebrang [[Terusan Suèz]], lan nggunting jalur pasukan katiga Mesir wonten ing panggénan ingkang salajengipun dados papan ''gencatan senjata'' [[PBB]] (kawentar kanthi istilah Kilometer 101).

<!--The war had far-reaching implications for many nations. The [[Arab world|Arab World]], which had been humiliated by the lopsided defeat of the Egyptian-Syrian-Jordanian alliance during the [[Six-Day War]], felt psychologically vindicated by its string of victories early in the conflict, despite the endstate. This vindication paved the way for the peace process that followed, as well as liberalizations such as Egypt's [[infitah]] policy. The [[Camp David Accords (1978)|Camp David Accords]], which came soon after, led to normalized relations between Egypt and IsraelIsraèl&mdash;the first time any Arab country had recognized the IsraeliIsraèli state. Egypt, which had already been drifting away from the [[Soviet Union]], then left the Soviet [[sphere of influence]] entirely.-->

Perang punika minangka bagéan saking [[konflik Arab-IsraelIsraèl]], satunggiling cecongkrahan ingkang sampun nuwuhaken perang ingkang makaping-kaping wiwit taun [[1948]]. Salami [[perang Enem Dinten]] taun [[1967]], IsraelIsraèl sampun ngrebat Semenanjung Sinai kagunganipun Mesir ngantos dugi [[Terusan Suez]], ingkang lajeng dados garis ''gencatan senjata'', lan kinten-kinten sepalih tlatah Dhataran Inggil Golan kagunganipun Suriah. Taun-taun salajengipun IsraelIsraèl amangun garis perbèntèngan wonten ing Sinai lan Golan. Taun [[1971]] IsraelIsraèl nelasaken biaya $500 yuta kanggé mangun perbèntèngan ageng ing Terusan Suez, kadamel saking siti lan dipun wastani [[Garis/bèntèng Bar Lev]], mendhet nami jenderal IsraelIsraèl [[Chaim Bar-Lev]].

Anwar Sadat ing taun [[1972]] mratelakaken manawi Mesir sampun niat perang nglawan IsraelIsraèl, lan siap ngorbanaken yutan tentara Mesir. Wiwit pungkasan taun [[1972]], Mesir miwiti mbangun kakiatan pasukanipun, nampi [[MiG-21]] jet tempur, sistim misil pertahanan dharat-langit arupi [[S-75 Dvina|SA-2 Guideline]], [[S-125|SA-3 Goa]], [[SA-4 Ganef|SA-4]], [[2K12 Kub|SA-6]] lan [[SA-7 Grail|SA-7]], [[RPG-7]], [[T-55]] lan tank-tank [[T-62]], lan utaminipun gaman misil anti tank [[AT-3 Sagger]] saking Uni Soviet lan ningkataken [[taktik militer]], adhedhasar doktrin tempur Soviet. Jenderal-jenderal politik, ingkang sabagéan ageng nanggel waler kakawonan ing perang taun [[1967]], dipun gentos kaliyan ingkang langkung kompetèn.<ref>Heikal, 22</ref>

Satuan Mesir mboten majeng nglangkungi tlatah tipis amargi kuwatos kicalan lindhungan saking bateré misil SAM ingkang dipun dèlèh wonten ing sisih kilèn Kanal Suez. Ing [[Perang Enem Dinten]], Angkatan Udhara (Bala Langit) IsraelIsraèl sampun njotos pasukan Mesir. Pramila Mesir lan Siria lajeng mbèntèngi sisi garis ''gencatan senjata'' mawi bateré SAM (''surface to air missiles) saking Soviet, kamangka Bala Langit IsraelIsraèl mboten kagungan penangkalipun. IsraelIsraèl, ingkang sampun mbucal arta kathah kanggé mbangun Bala Langit ingkang kiyat, ningali manawi kakiatan wau mboten wonten ginanipun ngadhepi bateré SAM Mesir.

Ing [[Dhataran Dhuwur Golan|Dhataran Inggil Golan]], pasukan Suriah nyerang pertahanan IsraelIsraèl nganggé kalih brigade lan sewelas bateré artileri sarta gangsal [[Division (military)|divisi]] lan 188 bateré. Wonten ing pertempuran punika, 180 tank IsraelIsraèl kedah ngadhepi kinten-kinten 1,300 tank Suriah.<ref name="oup">Peter Caddick-Adams "Golan Heights, battles of" ''The Oxford Companion to Military History''. Ed. Richard Holmes. Oxford University Press, 2001.</ref> Saben tank IsraelIsraèl ingkang dipun gelar wonten Golan langsung kontak wonten ing serangan awal. Pasukan Komando Suriah ingkang dipun terjunaken nganggé [[helikopter]] ugi gadhah peran wigati wekdal nyerang posisi IsraelIsraèl ing ''Jabal al Shaikh'' ([[Gunung Hermon]]), ingkang nggadhahi werni-werni piranti pelacak.

''Pertempuran'' ing [[Latakia]], arupi pertempuran Bala Seganten antawis Suriah lan IsraelIsraèl, kadadosan tanggal [[7 Oktober]], dinten kaping kalih perang, ngasilaken kamenangan IsraelIsraèl ngkang mbuktosaken potènsi kapal misil alit ingkang dipun paringi piranti ECM (Electronic countermeasures) modèrn. ''Pertempuran'' punika minangka ingkang sapisanan ing donya antawis [[kapal misil]] ingkang dipun lengkapi misil SAM.

Pasukan Arab dipun lengkapi naganggé gaman damelan Soviet, kosok wangsulipun IsraelIsraèl nganggé gaman damelan negari Kilèn. Tank ingkang dipun ginakaken déning Arab T-62 dipun lengkapi piranti deleng wengi (night vision equipment), sementawis pasukan IsraelIsraèl mboten utawi kirang. Tank IS-3 'Stalin', dipun pasangi gaman mesin 122 &nbsp;mm, sayektos taksih migunani wonten ing pertempuran punika, saged maringi bantuan anti tank jarak tebih kanggé tank T55/T62 pasukan Mesir.

[[Gambar:Yom Kippur War map-2.png|right|thumbnail|250px|Nalika gencatan sanjata dados èfèktif, IsraelIsraèl kécalan tlatah ing sisih wétan Terusan Suez marang Mesir (abrit ing péta), nanging angsal tlatal sakilènipun terusan saha sakedhik siti ing Golan (ijem).]]

Déwan Keamanan PBB ngedalaken [[Resolusi Déwan Kaamanan PBB nomer 338|Resolusi 338]]<ref>[http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/288/65/IMG/NR028865.pdf?OpenElement Resolusi DK PBB [[22 Oktober]] [[1973]]</ref> ingkang ngajak ''gencatan senjata'', kanthi negosiasi kaliyan Amerika Sarikat lan Uni Sovyèt, tanggal [[22 Oktober]]. Resolusi punika ngajak "sadaya péhak ingkang cecongkrahan " supados "ngendhegaken sedaya aktivitas militer." Résolusi punika dados efektif 12 jam sasampunipun medal, jam 18:52 wekdal IsraelIsraèl

[[Yom Kippur]] punika dinten paling minulya kanggé [[Agama Yahudi|Umat Yahudi]]. Bènten saking dinten libur lan siyam, ing IsraelIsraèl Yom Kippur sapunika ugi dipunpèngeti kagandhèng kaliyan Perang taun 1973 puniki. Perkawis puniki katingal sanget ing média massa IsraelIsraèl.

* Bregman, Ahron (2002). ''IsraelIsraèl's Wars: A History Since 1947''. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2

* ''Man of Defiance: A Political Biography of Anwar Sadat'' by Raphael IsraeliIsraèli.

* ''Syria and IsraelIsraèl: From War to Peacemaking'' by Moshe Maòz.

*[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/IsraelsIsraèls%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1947-1974/28%20The%20Jarring%20initiative%20and%20the%20response-%208%20Febr IsraelIsraèl Ministry of Foreign Affairs — The Jarring initiative and the response]

* [http://www.jafi.org.il/education/juice/service/week11.html Jewish Education Dept., JAFI, IsraeliIsraèli Intelligence and the Yom Kippur War of 1973]

* [http://www.jafi.org.il/education/jafi75/timeline6f.html Jewish Agency for IsraelIsraèl's Timeline of IsraeliIsraèli history]

* ''Inside the Kremlin During the Yom Kippur War'' by Victor IsraelyanIsraèlyan, 1995 ISBN 0-271-01489-X, ISBN 0-271-01737-6

* ''[http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/17/1st.draft/pravda.html Put an end to IsraeliIsraèli aggression]'', an article printed in the ''[[Pravda]]'' newspaper on [[October 12]], [[1973]] (translation at [[CNN]])

* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/Jordan.htm The 1973 Arab-IsraeliIsraèli War: Arab Policies, Strategies, and Campaigns]— Provided by Major Michael C. Jordan, United States Marine Corps.

* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/ORL.htm Operation Valiant: Turning of the Tide in the Sinai 1973 Arab-IsraeliIsraèli War] - by Major Richard L. Owen, US Marine Corps Command and Staff College.

* [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,910848,00.html "Another Round in the War of Words"] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' Monday, Oct. 29, 1973. Separate interviews (same questions) with the IsraeliIsraèli Foreign Minister and Egyptian Foreign Minister.