Tripoli: Béda antara owahan
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
K7L (parembugan | pasumbang) c →Pranala njaba: Pranala Jaba using AWB |
c mbenakaké éjaan using AWB |
||
Larik 12:
|mapsize = 200px
|map_caption = Lokasi Tripoli ing Libya, Afrika.
|subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara|
|subdivision_name = [[Libia]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Munisipalitas ing Libia|Sha'biyah]]
Larik 32:
|footnotes =
}}
'''Tripoli''' ([[Basa Arab]]: '''طرابلس''' '''Ṭarābulus''' - uga '''طرابلس الغرب''' '''Ṭarā-bu-lus al-Gharb'''<ref>Maknané ''Tripoli kulon'' kanggo mbédakaké saka [[Tripoli, Libanon]]</ref> [[Basa Libia sadina-dina]]: '''Ṭrābləs''' asal saka "kanggo telung kutha" [[Basa Yunani]]: Τρίπολη, [[Basa Turki]]: Trablus)
Tripoli nduwèni
Tripoli
"Tripoli" uga duwé makna "[[Sha'biyah]]" (pamérangan administratif paling dhuwur ing sistem Libia).
Larik 44:
<!--
By the later half of the 2nd century BC it belonged to the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], who included it in their province of [[Africa Province|Africa]], and gave it the name of Regio Syrtica. Around the beginning of the 3rd century [[Anno Domini|AD]], it became known as the Regio Tripolitana, meaning "region of the three cities", namely Oea (i.e. modern Tripoli), [[Sabratha]] and [[Leptis Magna]]. It was probably raised to the rank of a separate province by [[Septimius Severus]], who was a native of Leptis Magna.
In spite of centuries of Roman habitation, the only visible Roman remains, apart from scattered [[columns]] and [[Capital (architecture)|capitals]] (usually integrated in later buildings), is the Arch of [[Marcus Aurelius]] from the 2nd century AD. The fact that Tripoli has been continuously inhabited, unlike f.x. Sabratha and Leptis Magna, has meant that the inhabitants have either quarried material from older buildings (destroying them in the process), or built on top of them, burying them beneath the streets, where they remain largely unexcavated.
Larik 54:
===1500s-1800s===
In 1510, it was taken by Don [[Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto]] for [[Spain]], and, in 1523, it was assigned to the [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of St. John]], who had lately been expelled by the [[Ottoman Turks]] from their stronghold on the island of [[Rhodes]]. Finding themselves in very hostile territory, the Knights enhanced the city’s walls and other defences. Though built on top of a number of older buildings (possibly including a Roman public bath), much of the earliest defensive structures of the Tripoli castle (or "Assaraya al-Hamra", i.e. the "Red Castel") are attributed to the Knights of St John.
Having previously combated [[piracy]] from their base on Rhodes, the reason that the Knights were given charge of the city, was to prevent it from relapsing into the nest of [[Barbary pirate]]s it had been prior to the Spanish occupation. The disruption the pirates caused to the Christian shipping lanes in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] had been one of the main incentives for the Spanish overtake of the city.
The knights kept the city with some trouble until 1551, when they were compelled to surrender to the Ottoman Turks, led by [[Turgut Reis]]. Turgut was also buried in Tripoli after his death in 1565. His body was taken from [[Malta]], where he had fallen during the Ottoman siege of the island, to a tomb in the [[mosque]] he had established close to his palace in Tripoli. The palace has since disappeared (supposedly it was situated between the so called “Ottoman prison” and the arch of [[Marcus Aurelius]]), but the mosque, along with his tomb, still stands, close to the Bab Al-Bahr gate.
After the capture by the Ottoman Turks, Tripoli once again became a base of operation for Barbary pirates. Effective Ottoman rule during this period (1551- 1711) was often hampered by the local [[Janissary]] corps. Intended to function as enforcers of local administration, the captain of the Janissaries and his cronies were often the de facto rulers.
In 1711 [[Ahmed Karamanli]], a Janissary officer of Turkish origin, killed the Ottoman governor, the "[[Pasha]]", and established himself as ruler of the Tripolitania region. By 1714 he had asserted a sort of semi-independence from the Ottoman Sultan, heralding in the [[Karamanli dynasty]]. The Pashas of Tripoli were expected to pay a regular tributary tax to the Sultan, but were in all other aspects rulers of an independent kingdom. This order of things continued under the rule of his descendants, accompanied by the brazen piracy and blackmailing until 1835, when the Ottoman Empire took advantage of an internal struggle and re-established its authority.
Larik 73:
The [[First Barbary War]] dragged on for four years. In 1803, Tripolitan fighters captured the US frigate ''[[USS Philadelphia (1799)|Philadelphia]]'' and took its commander, Captain [[William Bainbridge]], and the entire crew as prisoners. The ''Philadelphia'' was turned against the Americans and anchored in Tripoli Harbour as a gun battery. The following year, US Navy Lieutenant [[Stephen Decatur]] led a failed nighttime raid to retake the ship. Decatur's men set fire to the ''Philadelphia'' and escaped.
The most colorful incident in the war was the expedition undertaken by [[William Eaton]] with the object of replacing the pasha with an elder brother living in exile, who had promised to accede to all the wishes of the United States. Eaton, at the head of a motley crew of 500 US Marines, Greek, Arab and Turkish Mercenaries, marched across the desert from [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] and with the aid of American ships, succeeded in [[Battle of Derna|capturing Derna]]. Soon afterward, on [[June 3]], [[1805]], peace was concluded. The pasha ended his demands and received $60,000 as ransom for the ''Philadelphia'' prisoners under the [[Treaty with Tripoli (1805)|1805 Treaty with Tripoli]].
In 1815, in consequence of further outrages and due to the humiliation of the earlier defeat, Captains Bainbridge and [[Stephen Decatur]], at the head of an American squadron, again visited Tripoli and forced the pasha to comply with the demands of the United States. See [[Second Barbary War]].
Larik 142:
|Nov_Hi_°F =73 |Nov_REC_Hi_°F =
|Dec_Hi_°F =65 |Dec_REC_Hi_°F =
|Year_Hi_°F =80 |Year_REC_Hi_°F =
|Jan_Lo_°F =44 |Jan_REC_Lo_°F =
Larik 156:
|Nov_Lo_°F =53 |Nov_REC_Lo_°F =
|Dec_Lo_°F = 47 |Dec_REC_Lo_°F =
|Year_Lo_°F =58 |Year_REC_Lo_°F =
|Jan_Precip_inch =2.7
Larik 182:
==Economy==
[[Image:Tripoli Central Business District.jpg|thumb|right|The central business district.]]
Tripoli is Libya's economic hub. It is the leading centre of [[banking]], [[finance]] and [[mass media|communication]] in the country as well as the leading [[commerce|commercial]] and [[manufacturing]] centre. Many of the country's largest corporations locate their headquarter's home offices in Tripoli as well as the majority of international companies.
Major manufactured goods include [[processed food]], [[textiles]], [[construction]] materials, [[clothing]] and [[tobacco]] products. Since the lifting of sanctions against Libya in 1999 and again in 2003, Tripoli has seen a rise in foreign investment as well as an increase in tourism. Increased traffic has also been recorded in the city's port as well as Libya's main international airport, [[Tripoli International Airport|Tripoli International]].
Larik 194:
The city's old town is still unspoilt by mass-tourism, though it is increasingly being exposed to more and more visitors from abroad, following the lifting of the UN embargo in 2003. However, the walled medina retains much of its serene old-world ambience.
The Assaraya al-Hamra (the Red Castle), a vast palace complex with numerous courtyards, dominates the city skyline and is located on the outskirts of the medina. There are some classical statues and fountains from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period scattered around the castle.
The Gurgi and Karamanli mosques, with their intricate decorations and tilework, are examples of the artistic skills of local craftsmen. Just outside the Gurgi mosque is the Arch of [[Marcus Aurelius]], the only surviving Roman monument in the city. More and more palaces (especially from the [[Karamanli dynasty|Karamanli]] period) are also being restored and opened to the public.
Larik 207:
==Colleges and universities==
The largest university in Tripoli, [[Al Fateh University]], is a public university providing free education to the city's inhabitants. Private universities and colleges have also begun to crop up in the last few years.
Universities in Tripoli include:
Larik 219:
==Sports==
[[Football (soccer)|Football]] is the most popular sport in the Libyan capital. Tripoli is home to two of the most prominent football clubs in Libya, [[Al Ahly Tripoli|Al Ahly (Tripoli)]] and [[Al Ittihad]].
The main sports clubs based in Tripoli:
*[[Al Ahly Tripoli|Al Ahly (Tripoli)]]
Larik 248:
== Wacan ==
* [[Nora Lafi]], Une ville du Maghreb entre Ancien régime et réformes ottomanes. Genèse des institutions municipales à Tripoli de Barbarie (1795-1911), Paris, L'Harmattan, 2002, 305 p. [http://www.amazon.fr/dp/274752616X]
* London, Joshua E.[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0471444154 ''Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation''] New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. hey
== Delengen uga ==
Larik 267:
<!-- Template removed per [[Wikipedia:Templates_for_deletion/Log/2008_April_22#Template:AL_LargestCities]] -->
{{Ibukutha ing Afrika}}
{{geo-stub}}▼
[[Kategori:Tripoli| ]]
Baris 278 ⟶ 277:
[[Kategori:Kutha pelabuhan ing Segara Mediterania]]
[[Kategori:Geografi]]
▲{{geo-stub}}
| |||