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'''Nobelium''' ({{pronEng|noʊˈbiːliəm,noʊˈbɛliə}})
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==Physical properties==
The appearance of this element is unknown, however it is most likely silvery-white or gray and [[metal]]lic. If sufficient amounts of nobelium were produced, it would pose a [[Ionizing radiation|radiation]] hazard.
Some sources quote a melting point of 827oC for nobelium but this cannot be substantiated from an official source and seems implausible regarding the requirements of such a measurement.However, the 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> ionization energies have been measured. In addition, an electronegativity value of 1.3 is also sometimes quoted. This is most definitely only an estimate since a true value can only be determined using a chemical compound of the element and no such compounds exist for nobelium.
==Experimental chemistry==
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{{Main|Isotopes of nobelium}}
Seventeen [[radioisotope]]s of nobelium have been characterized, with the most stable being <sup>259</sup>No with a [[half-life]] of 58 minutes. Longer [[half-lives]] are expected for the as-yet-unknown <sup>261</sup>No and <sup>263</sup>No. An isomeric level has been found in <sup>253</sup>No and K-isomers have been found in <sup>250</sup>No, <sup>252</sup>No and <sup>254</sup>No to date.
==History of synthesis of isotopes by cold fusion==
===<sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>48</sup>Ca,xn)<sup>256-x</sup>No (x=1,2,3,4)===
This cold fusion reaction was first studied in 1979 at the FLNR. Further work in 1988 at the GSI measured EC and SF branchings in <sup>254</sup>No. In 1989, the FLNR used the reaction to measure SF decay characteristics for the two isomers of <sup>254</sup>No. The measurement of the 2n excitation function was reported in 2001 by Yuri Oganessian at the FLNR.
Patin et al. at the LBNL reported in 2002 the synthesis of <sup>255-251</sup>No in the 1-4n exit channels and measured further decay data for these isotopes.
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