Flamenco: Béda antara owahan

*Flamenco sprang from the lower levels of Andalusian society and thus lacked the prestige of art forms among the middle and higher levels at this time of persecution.

*The turbulent times of the people involved in flamenco culture. The Muslim [[Moors]], the [[Gitano]]s and the [[Jew]]s were all [[persecution|persecuted]] and the Muslim [[Moors]] ([[moriscos]]) and [[Jew]]s were [[expulsion|expelled]] by the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in 1492.

*The Gitanos have been fundamental in maintaining this art form, but they have an [[oral culture]]. Their [[Folk music|folk songs]] were passed on to new generations by repeated performances in their social community. Non-gypsy Andalusian poorer classes, in general, were also illiterate.

 

Lack of interest from historians and musicologists. "Flamencologists" have usually been flamenco [[connoisseur]]s of no specific academic training in the fields of history or musicology. They have tended to rely on a limited number of sources (mainly the writings of 19th century [[folklore|folklorist]] [[Demófilo]],[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demófilo] and notes by foreign travellers. Bias has also been frequent in flamencology. This started to change in the 1980s, when flamenco slowly started to be included in music conservatories, and a growing number of musicologists and historians began to carry out more rigorous research. Since then, some new data have shed new light on it. (Ríos Ruiz, 1997:14),

 

 

[[Blas Infante]], in his book ''Orígenes de los Flamencos y Secreto del Cante Jondo'', controversially argued that the word ''flamenco'' comes from Hispano-[[A,rabic language|Arabic]] word ''fellahmengu,'' which would mean "expelled peasant"[http://www.libreria-mundoarabe.com/Boletines/n%BA36%20Mar.06] after the end of the Moorish reign. Infante links the term to the ethnic Andalusians of [[Islam|Muslim]] faith, the [[Moriscos]], who would have mixed with the Gypsy newcomers in order to avoid religious persecution. Other hypotheses concerning the term's etymology include connections with [[Flanders]] (''flamenco'' also means [[Flemish people|Flemish]] in Spanish), believed by Spanish people to be the origin of the Gypsies, or the ''flameante'' (arduous) execution by the performers, or the [[flamingo]]s. [http://herso.freeservers.com/hist_wd.html].

* ÁLVAREZ CABALLERO, Ángel: ''El cante flamenco'', Alianza Editorial, Madrid, Second edition, 1998. ISBN 84-206-9682-X (First edition: 1994)

* ÁLVAREZ CABALLERO, Ángel: ''La Discografía ideal del cante flamenco'', Planeta, Barcelona, 1995. ISBN 84-08-01602-4

* MAIRENA, Antonio & MOLINA, Ricardo: ''Mundo y formas del cante flamenco'', Librería Al-Ándalus, Third Edition, 1979 (First Edition: Revista de Occidente, 1963)

* MARTÍN SALAZAR, Jorge: ''Los cantes flamencos'', Diputación Provincial de Granada, Granada, 1991 ISBN 84-7807-041-9

* ORTIZ NUEVO, José Luis: ''Alegato contra la pureza'', Libros PM, Barcelona, 1996. ISBN 84-88944-07-1

* RÍOS RUIZ, ''Ayer y hoy del cante flamenco'', Ediciones ISTMO, Tres Cantos (Madrid), 1997, ISBN 84-7090-311-X

[[Kategori:Musik Spanyol]]

[[Kategori:Musik Andalusia]]

[[Kategori:Musik rakyat Spanyol]]