Républik Srepska: Béda antara owahan
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'''Republika Srpska''' ([[Basa Serbia]]: Република Српска, ''Republika Srpska'' ({{Audio|RepublikaSrpska.ogg|rungokna}}), uga Српска, ''Srpska''; [[Basa Bosnia]] lan [[Basa Kroasia]]: ''Republika Srpska''; [[Basa Inggris]]: ''Republic of Srpska'' utawa ''Republika Srpska'')
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=== Kutha-kutha ===
Kutha-kutha kang gedhé ing Republika Srpska
* [[Banja Luka]] - {{formatnum:250000}}
* [[Bijeljina]] - {{formatnum:140000}}
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During the next three years, Republika Srpska was one of the three warring sides in the [[Bosnian War]], the others being the pre-dominantly Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) internationally-recognised Government of BiH and the Bosnian Croat statelet of [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia|Herzeg-Bosna]]. At the start of the war, the RS was in a much stronger military position compared to the other two sides. Its army, the VRS ([[Army of Republika Srpska]]), was created from Bosnian Serb members of the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA) and was heavily armed and equipped from JNA stockpiles in Bosnia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Plan to Create a New Serbian State |url=http://www.un.org/icty/oric/trialc/judgement/ori-jud060630e.pdf |date=1006-06-30 |author=[[ICTY]] |work=United Nations |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref> In addition, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia provided extensive humanitarian, logistical and financial support for the Republika Srpska and its military with the ultimate goal of annexing the territory controlled by the VRS and making it a part of Serbia. <ref>{{cite web |author=ICTY |title=Outbreak of Armed Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page 33) |url=http://www.un.org/icty/oric/trialc/judgement/ori-jud060630e.pdf |work=United Nations |accessdate=2007-04-19 |date=1006-06-30}}</ref>
By 1994, the [[United Nations]] estimated that more than half a million non-Serbs had been driven out from the territory controlled by Republika Srpska{{Fact|date=January 2007}} and by the spring of 1996, a [[United Nations]] census indicated that Serbs constituted 96.8% of the population of the republic. However, the republic's actions produced worldwide condemnation, the establishment of the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]] in 1993 and the eventual indictment of the Republika Srpska military and civilian leadership for [[war crimes]] on the non-Serb population,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/bosnia2/ |author=[[Human Rights Watch]] |accessdate=2007-04-19 |date=June 1994 |title=War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina: U.N. Cease-Fire Won't Help Banja Luka (Introduction)}}</ref> killing, torturing and raping at detention camps,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/tad-2ai951214e.htm |author=ICTY |work=United Nations |title=Case No. IT-94-1-I (First Amendment to the Indictment)}}</ref> and the [[Siege of Sarajevo|siege]] of [[Sarajevo]]).
In 1995, Republika Srpska came close to collapse in the face of military offensives by the Croat/Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) forces and a concerted two-week campaign of [[NATO]] air strikes. Bosnian territory under RS control was reduced by one third and it later acceded to the [[Dayton Peace Agreement]], accepted on its behalf by President Milošević (Bosnian Serb leaders were not able to attend the talks as arrest warrants against them had been issued by the ICTY). Under this accord, RS was recognized as one of two entities that would constitute a newly configured state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total area of Republika Srpska is 49% of Bosnia's territory, with the Bosniak/Croat Federation constituting the other 51%.
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#the lack of official post-war census figures.
#the [[ethnic cleansing|forced removal]] and murder of members of minority ethnic groups ([[Croats]] and [[Muslims by nationality|Bosnian Muslims]]/[[Bosniaks]]) by the RS authorities during the war.
#the huge refugee inflows of [[Serbs]] from the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Federation of BiH]] and, to a lesser extent, the territory of the [[Republika Srpska Krajina]].
===1991===
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* [[2001]]: 1,490,993
In late 2001 48% of the Brčko District belonging to RS was lost, as it be came a de facto separate entity.
* [[2002]]: 1,455,446
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After the war, Republika Srpska retained its army, but in August 2005, under considerable foreign pressure (acting primarily through the [[Office of the High Representative]]), the parliament consented to transfer control of [[Army of Republika Srpska]] to a state-level ministry and abolish the Republic's defense ministry and army by [[January 1]], [[2006]]. These reforms were required by [[NATO]] as a precondition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's admission to the [[Partnership for Peace]]. As of [[December 14]] [[2006]], Bosnia and Herzegovina is a part of the [[Partnership for Peace]]-project.
Republika Srpska has its own [[RS Police|police force]], but in October 2005, again under pressure, the parliament consented to the creation over a five-year period of a single integrated police service at the state level, with local police areas that may cross the Inter-Entity Boundary Line if required based on technical considerations. These reforms were insisted upon by the [[European Union]] as a precondition for the negotiation of a [[Stabilization and Association Agreement]] with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The leading Bosnian Serb party, the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), called on other political parties in Republika Srpska to organize a referendum on police reform in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The SNSD said the referendum should give a clear picture on whether the Bosnian Serb police should be dismissed or not in the process reforms under which a single police force is to be created on the state level.
"I do expect that the answer of most of citizens of Republika Srpska would be no," Rajko Vasić, member of the SNSD leadership said. He also said the party, which won exactly half the seats in the [[National Assembly of Republika Srpska]] on [[October 1]] [[2006]], would suggest the referendum on police reform as an issue to be discussed at the first next session of the entity's parliament. Earlier this year the leader of the SNSD and the current RS Prime Minister Milorad Dodik said he would be ready to sacrifice negotiations with the [[European Union]] on the eventual integration of BiH into the Union, if the RS police is to be abolished as part of the police reform on Bosnia's state-level.
As the response to the latest initiatives from [[Banja Luka]], the Chairman of Bosnia's central government, the Council of Ministers, [[Adnan Terzić]], blamed the international community and its passive stand towards the RS stance on police reform.
"Considering the reactions of the international community's officials to the obstructions from the Republika Srpska, they (Bosnian Serbs) can do whatever they want," Terzić told [[Sarajevo]] daily [[Avaz|Dnevni avaz]].
The police reform was aimed at joining police troops of the two ethnic entities into a single state-level police. The police reform fulfills three EU requests - establishment of a statewide police service, elimination of political interference and creation of patrol regions based on professional criteria.
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Tadić and Koštunica, accompanied by several ministers and some 300 businessmen, arrived in [[Banja Luka]], the ''de facto'' capital of the Republika Srpska, on two special planes from [[Belgrade]], in what was seen as the biggest-ever boost to strengthening ties in all spheres of life between the Republika Srpska and [[Serbia]]. The Serbian bank, the Komercijalna banka, and the "Dunav osiguranje" insurance company opened branches in Banja Luka and the Serbian news agency [[Tanjug]] also inaugurated its international press center in Banja Luka, in a day packed with business engagements.
The document sets out steps taken by Serbia and Republika Srpska officials to increase economic and political ties. It is similar to a previous one signed in 2001 between the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] and the Republika Srpska, which had envisaged close cooperation in economy, defense, education and [[dual citizenship]] for the residents, said a Serbian government statement. The agreement gives Republika Srpska, the same status with Serbia as the state of Bosnia-Herzegovina as a whole.
"This agreement will stabilize the relations between countries in the region and it will promote economic, political and cultural relations between Serbia and Republika Srpska," Čavić told reporters after the signing ceremony. Koštunica added "We have long waited for this day," and insisting that the agreement would not be "a dead letter on paper," but would "live and be useful to the citizens of Serbia and Republika Srpska."
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In response to such statements, the Prime Minister of Republika Srpska [[Milorad Dodik]] brought the idea of an independence referendum for RS into public debate when [[Montenegro]] seceded from the [[State Union of Serbia and Montenegro|union]] with [[Serbia]] in an [[Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006|independence referendum]] on [[May 21]], [[2006]]. In an interview published in the Serbian media, Dodik said a referendum on independence for RS was a fair solution and that 99 percent of Bosnian Serbs support secession from Bosnia-Herzegovina. Dodik stated that this referendum is "inevitable" since [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] has no viable future.<ref>Link to reprint of article by Croatian newsagency Hina [http://listserv.buffalo.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0609&L=justwatch-l&D=1&O=D&P=5434]</ref>
[[Sulejman Tihić]], the Bosniak member of BiH's tripartite presidency, responded by saying that those who want to secede from Bosnia can pack up and leave, "but can’t take away an inch of Bosnian territory". [[Borislav Paravac]], the Serb member of the state presidency, responded that Tihić's statement was an "irresponsible and scandalous act". "Bosnia isn’t his private property," said Paravac, adding that RS covers 49% of Bosnia’s territory and that Serbs are one of three constituent ([[autochthonous]] or native) peoples, with equal rights.
Prime Minister Dodik also stated that Tihić’s statement represented a drastic example of “hate and chauvinism” which would only further inflame ethnic passions in Bosnia. "In Tihić’s statement one can easily recognize an Islamic concept which sees Bosnia as its exclusive right," said Dodik. "Serbs are a constituent people in Bosnia and claim the same right to the country and to live in it," said Dodik.
The [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|high representative of the international community]] in Bosnia has appealed to the leaders of all three nationalities to stop with their “inflammatory rhetoric”. However, Haris Silajdžić continued his calls for the RS to be abolished, and Dodik continued to propose that the Bosnian Serbs may seek a referendum on independence, despite a warning that he may be punished for such statements. The international community's high representative to Bosnia, German diplomat [[Christian Schwarz-Schilling]], warned in Vienna, that "if he [Dodik] continues to talk about the referendum, I will have to remove him from office.”.
Dodik responded: "Let him be my guest and sack me. I stand by everything I said about the referendum". Dodik went further and explained that his statements were a response to repeated threats from Sarajevo that Republika Srpska should be dissolved.{{Fact|date=January 2007}}.
The Former President of Republika Srpska, [[Milan Jelić]], a member of Dodik's party, had then said that: "If the abolition of the RS is raised again we will continue the rhetoric of a referendum. However, that's not our aim, but to reform RS according to European standards, to make it the better part of BiH, which will drag the rest of BiH into Euro-Atlantic integration."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=28777 |title=Јелић: Уколико Космет буде независан, РС ће адекватно одговорити |work=Radio-Televizija Republike Srpske (RTRS) |accessdate=2007-04-19}}</ref>
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