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Kopi: Béda antara owahan

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Larik 33:
[[Gambar:Starr 070617-7331 Coffea arabica.jpg|thumb|left|130px|Wiji kopi arbika, jinis kopi kanthi cita rasa paling apik.]]
=== '''Kopi arabika''' (arabica coffee) ===
:Kopi arabika iku jinis kopi tradisional kang duweni citarasa paling apik.<ref name=arro>[http://www.talkaboutcoffee.com/coffee_beans.html Coffee Beans – Varieties Of Coffee: Arabica and Robusta.] 2010.</ref> Kopi jinis iki asale saka [[Etiopia]] lan saiki wis dibudidayakake ing pirang-pirang panggonan ing donya iki, wiwit saka [[Amerika Latin]], [[Afrika]] Tengah, [[Afrika Timur]], [[India]], lan [[Indonesia]].<ref name=arro2/> Kanthi cara umum, kopi iki thukul ing panggonan kang nduweni [[iklim]] [[tropis]] utawa [[subtropis]].<ref name=arro2/> Kopi arabika uripe ing panggonan kang dhuwure 600-2000 m sadhuwuring laut. Tanduran iki bisa thukul nganti tekan 3 meter yen kahanan lingkungane apik. Suhu thukul optimale yaikuya iku 18-26 <sup>o</sup>C. Wiji kopi kang diasilake ukurane cukup cilik lan awarna ijo nganti tekan abang semu ireng utawa abang tuwa.<ref name=arro2>[http://www.ringsurf.com/online/2069-coffee_plants.html. Coffee Plants.] 2009.</ref>
[[Gambar:Coffea canephora W2 IMG 2430.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Wiji kopi robusta, jinis kopi kelas 2.]]
 
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== Jinising nginuman kopi ==
Omben-ombenan kopi saiki akeh maceme, yaikuya iku :<ref name=tipe1>[http://www.talkaboutcoffee.com/types-of-coffee-coffee-varieties-I.html. Types Of Coffee – Coffee Varieties I & II.] 2010. Diakses tanggal 14 Mei 2010.</ref><ref name=book1>Brown A. 2008. ''Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation''. Thomson Learning: AS. Halaman: 518-521.</ref>
{|align=right
|[[Gambar:Cappuccino.jpg|thumb|right|110px| Cappuccino.]]|||[[Gambar:Latte Macchiato aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln01ca10cm.jpg|thumb|right|100px| Macchiato.]]
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== Mupangat Kanggo Awak ==
[[Gambar:Berlin marathon.jpg|thumb|left|200px| Kopi akeh dikonsumsi dening para atlet sadurunge tandhing.]]
Kandutan [[kafein]] sajroning kopi duweni efek kang macem-macem ing saben-saben wong. Akeh wong kang bakalan ngalami efeknya kanthi cara langsung, dene wong liya ora ngrasakake babar pisan. Kaya mangkene ana gegayutane karo sipat [[genetika]] kang diduweni saben-saben wong kang ana gegayutane karo kamampuan [[metabolisme]] awak sajroning ncerna kafein.<ref name=enzim1/> Metabolisme kafein kedaden kanthi direwangi enzim ''[[sitokrom]]'' P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Ana 2 tipe enzim, yaikuya iku CYP1A2-1 lan CYP1A2-1.<ref name=enzim3>Bach C. 2008. [http://www.consumergenetics.com/DNA-Tests/Caffeine-Metabolism-Test.php. Caffeine Metabolism DNA Testing: CaffeineGEN™.]</ref> kang duwe enzim CYP1A2-1 bisa ''mematabolisme'' kafein kanthi cepet lan efisien mula efek saka kafein bisa dirasa kanthi nyata. [[Enzim]] CYP1A2-2 duwe laju metabolisme kafein kang alon mula akeh-akehe wong kanthi tipe iki ora ngrasakake efek kasarasan saka kafein lan malahan cenderung ndadekake efek kang negatif.<ref name=enzim1>Cornelis MC, El-Sohemy A, Kabagambe EK, and Campos H. 2006. Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction. ''JAMA'' 295:1135-41.</ref><ref name=enzim3/><ref name=enzim2>Sata F, Yamada H, Suzuki K, Saijo Y, Kato EH, Morikawa M, Minakami H, Kishi R. 2005. Caffeine intake, CYP1A2 polymorphism and the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. ''Mol Human Repro'' 11(5):357-60.</ref>
 
Akeh isu kang ngrembaka ngenani efek negatif nginum kopi kanggo awak, kayadene ngunggahna risiko kena [[kanker]], [[diabetes melitus]] tipe 2, [[insomnia]], penyakit [[jantung]], lan kelangan konsentrasi.<ref name=efek1>Yuhardin. 2009. [http://scriptintermedia.com/view.php?id=2514. Delapan Khasiat Minum Kopi.]</ref> Kandutan kafein sajroning kopi jebule bisa neken thukule [[sel]] [[kanker]] kanthi cara ''bertahap''.<ref name=efek1/> Saliyane iku, kafein bisa mudhunake risiko kena diabetes melitus tipe 2 kanthi njaga sensitivitas awak marang [[insulin]].<ref name=book3>Wildman REC.2007. ''Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Funtional Foods''. Ed ke-2. CRC Press: AS. Halaman: 453-462.</ref> Kafein sajroning kopi uga wis kabukti bisa ncegah penyakit serangan jantung.<ref name=efek1/><ref name=mood1/> Ngonsumsi kopi uga bisa nggawé awak tetep kajaga lan ngunggahake konsentrasi sanajan ora signifikan.<ref name=mood1>Smith A, Whitney H, Thomas M, Brockman P. 1999. Effects of caffeine and noise on mood, performance and cardiovascular functioning. ''Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Experimental'' 12(1):27-33.</ref><ref name=con1>Frewer LJ, Lader M. 2004. The effects of caffeine on two computerized tests of attention and vigilance. ''Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Experimental'' 6(2):119-128.</ref> Ing babagan [[ulah raga]], kopi akeh dikonsumsi dening para [[atlet]] sadurunge tandhing amarga senyawa aktif sajroning kopi bisa ngunggahake [[metabolisme]] [[energi]], utamane kanggo mecahake [[glikogen]] ([[gula]] cadangan sajroning awak).<ref>McClaran, Wetter. 2007. Sports nutrition. ''J Int Soc'' 4:11.</ref>
 
Saliyane kafein, kopi uga duweni kandhutan senyawa [[antioksidan]] kang cacahe rada akeh.<ref name=antio/> Anane antioksidan bisa ncegah efek pangrusakan dening senyawa [[radikal bebas]], kayadene kanker, diabetes, lan penurunan respon imun.<ref name=mood1/> Tuladhane senyawa antioksidan kang ana ing sajroning kopi yaikuya iku [[polifenol]], [[flavonoid]], [[proantosianidin]], [[kumarin]], [[asam klorogenat]], lan [[tokoferol]].<ref>[http://www.buzzle.com/articles/antioxidants-in-coffee.html. Antioxidants in Coffee.] 2009.</ref> Kanthi digodhog, aktivitas antioksidan iki bisa diunggahake.<ref name=antio>Yanagimoto K, Ochi H, Lee KG, Shibamoto T. 2004. Antioxidative activities of fractions obtained from brewed coffee. ''J Agric Food Chem'' 52(3):592-6.</ref>
 
== Cathetan suku ==
Dijupuk saka "https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi"