Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr (/[unsupported input]ˈhɛdi/; 9 November 1914 – 19 Januari 2000) inggih punika tiyang aktris lan matematikawan Ostenrik-Amérika ingkang misuwur amargi kecantikanipun lan dados bintang kontrak ageng ing "Zaman Keemasan" MGM.
| Hedy Lamarr | |
|---|---|
 Hedy Lamarr (1939) | |
| Lair | Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler 9 Novèmber 1914 Vienna, Ostenrik-Honggari |
| Pati | 19 Januari 2000 (umur 85) Casselberry, Florida, A.S. |
| Pakaryan | Aktris, penemu |
| Taun aktif | 1930–1958 |
| Bojo | Fritz Mandl (m.1933–1937; bercerai) Gene Markey (m.1939–1941; bercerai) John Loder (m.1943–1947; bercerai) Teddy Stauffer (m.1951–1952; bercerai) W. Howard Lee (m.1953–1960; bercerai) Lewis J. Boies (m.1963–1965; bercerai) |
[1] Max Reinhardt, rekan mérdamél ing Berlin, nyébatakén Lamarr "wanita tercantik ing Éropa" amargi "tampilanipun ingkang sangét eksotis lan gelap," sebuah sentimen ingkang lajéng dipunsébat-sébat déning para penonton lan pengkritiknya.[2][3][4] Piyambakipun wiwit misuwur ing mbintangi Ecstasy karya Gustav Machatý, sebuah filem ingkang nampilakén cuplikan tokoh ingkang dipunperankén ing wekdal ngélampahi orgasme ing salah satunggaling adégan lan telanjang bulat ing adegan sanès. Kalihipun adégan kasbéut mbotén lazim ing masa pemikiran konservatif ingkang merupakan masa puncak karieripun. bakat ing babagan matematika, Lamarr sami kaliyan komponis George Antheil manggihakén sebuah teknik komunikasi spektrum sebar lan perpindahan frekuensi kawiwitan ingkang dipunbétahakèn kanggé ngélampahi komunikasi nirkabel ngantos jaman pra-komputer ngantos sapunika.[5][6]
Penemuan spektrum sebar nggantos frekuensi besut
Komponis avant garde George Antheil, putra imigran Jerman punika tetangga Lamarr, sampun bereksperimen kaliyan pengendalian instumen musik kanthi otomatis, kalebet musikipun kanggé Ballet Mécanique, ingkang wiwitan dipunserat kanggé filem abstrak karya Fernand Léger taun 1924. Musik otomatis karyanipun aruoa pinten-pinten pianola ingkang dipunmainaken kanthi sami-sami.
Lamarr nepangaken idenipun ing Antheil lan sami-sami ngirimaken ide sistem komunikasi rahasia mau ing wulan Juni 1941. Tanggal 11 Agustus 1942, US Patent 2,292,387 dipunparingake dateng Antheil lan "Hedy Kiesler Markey," asma nikah Lamarr ing wekdal punika. Versi wiwit nggantos frekuensi punika ya iku pemanfaatan rol piano kanggé nggatos-nggantos ing 88 frekuensi lan gadhah ancas torpedo ingkang dipunpandu radio sulit terdeteksi musuh. Punika mpresentasiaken teknik punika ing ngajeng Angkatan Laut A.S., ide punika dipuntolak lan boten diadopsi.[7]
Ide punika énggal dipunterapaken ing Amérikah Sarékat ing taun 1962 olèh kapal-kapal militèr A.S. saat mblokir Kuba sasampunipun patenipun kedaluwarsa. Amargi manawi pengembanganipun kahambat, paten punika énggal dipunmangertosi publik ing taun 1997 manawi Electronic Frontier Foundation maringi penghargaan dateng Lamarr atas kontribusinipun.[6] Dipunlaporaken manawi ing taun 1998, pengembang tèknologi nirkabel asal Ottawa, Wi-LAN, Inc. "tumbas 49 persèn klaim paten punika saking Lamarr kaliyan aji saham ingkang boten dipunsebataken" (Eliza Schmidkunz, Inside GNSS),[8] nanging paten ingkang kedaluwarsa sajatosipun dipunanggep boten gadhah aji. Antheil séda ing taun 1959.
Filmografi besut
Pratélan pustaka besut
- Barton, Ruth. Hedy Lamarr: The Most Beautiful Woman in Film. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8131-2604-3.
- Rhodes, Richard. Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World. Doubleday, 2011. ISBN 0-385-53438-8.
Ndelengen Uga besut
Cathetan suku besut
- ↑ http://www.edition-filmmuseum.com/product_info.php/language/en/info/p74_Hedy-Lamarr--Secrets-of-a-Hollywood-Star.html
- ↑ "European Exotic". New York Times. December 10, 2010.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(pitulung); Unknown parameter|http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/books/review/Haskell-t.html?pagewanted=ignored (pitulung) - ↑ http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/107525%7C68054/Hedy-Lamarr/
- ↑ http://classicmoviechat.com/?tag=max-reinhardt
- ↑ "Hedy Lamarr: Inventor of more than the 1st theatrical-filem orgasm". LA Times. November 28, 2010. Dibukak ing 2012-07-26.
- ↑ a b "Movie Legend Hedy Lamarr to be Given Special Award at EFF's Sixth Annual Pioneer Awards" (Press release). Electronic Frontier Foundation. 11 Maret 1997. Diarsip saka sing asli ing May 18, 2008. Dibukak ing 4 Juli 2007.
- ↑ Tony Long, This Day in Tech: Aug. 11, 1942: Actress + Piano Player = New Torpedo, Wired, August 11, 2011; accessed 2011.10.17.
- ↑ Player Pianos, Sex Appeal, and Patent #2,292,387, Inside GNSS September 2006 http://www.insidegnss.com/node/303 Archived 2016-08-27 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Instant Karma ing Internet Movie Database
Réferènsi besut
- Hedy Lamarr, Ecstasy and Me
- "Hedy Lamarr", Half-Life2.net(December 13, 2004)[1] Archived 2010-09-08 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2008-12-21
- Robert A. Scholtz, "The Origins of Spread-Spectrum Communications," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 30, No. 5, May 1982, p. 822.
- Robert Price, "Further Notes and Anecdotes on Spread-Spectrum Origins," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 1983, p. 85.
- Ivanis, Dan (November 2003). "The stars come out – Recruiting ad featuring Hedy Lamarr creates 'buzz't". Boeing Frontiers Online. The Boeing Company. Dibukak ing 2009-04-20.
Pranala njaba besut
| Wikimedia Commons duwé médhia ngenani Hedy Lamarr. |
| Wikicuplik duwé cuplikan ngenani: Hedy Lamarr |
- Hedy Lamarr Site Archived 2010-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.
- Hedy Lamarr foundation
- Hedy Lamarr fansite
- Hedy Lamarr ing Internet Movie Database
- Cithakan:Tcmdb name
- Hedy Lamarr at Reel Classics
- Inventions.org page on Hedy Lamarr
- Interview with Hedy Lamarr biographer Patrick Agan
- Advanced Weaponry of the Stars by Prof. Hans-Joachim Braun Archived 2011-03-14 at the Wayback Machine. Invention & Technology article about Hedy Lamarr's patent
- Annual Inventor's Day on her Birthday
- CorelDRAW splash screens
- Calling Hedy Lamarr (2004)
- Photographs and literature