ꦏꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀

Artikel iki macak aksara Jawa. Menawa pangluru sampéyan durung njurung karakter iku, sampéyan mokal ndeleng sawenèh tulisan sing nganggo aksara Jawa ing kaca iki.
Kanggo ndandani, wacana Pitulung:Aksara Jawa.

꧋ꦏꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦪꦆꦏꦸꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦤꦺꦎꦂꦒꦤꦶꦱꦱꦶꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦆꦁꦏꦁꦒꦣꦃꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀ꦆꦁꦏꦁꦮꦶꦪꦂ꧉ꦣꦺꦮꦺꦏꦺꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦒꦤꦶꦤꦒꦫ꧈ꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦸꦏꦸꦈꦠꦮꦶꦌꦠ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦁꦱ꧉ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦣꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦚꦮꦶꦗꦶꦏꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦮꦃꦏꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦏꦻꦱꦂ(ꦩꦺꦴꦤꦂꦏꦶ)꧈ꦈꦠꦮꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦎꦭꦶꦒꦂꦏꦶ꧉ ꧋ꦈꦩ꧀ꦥꦩꦶꦣꦶꦠꦶꦭꦶꦏꦶꦱꦏꦶꦁꦧꦧꦒꦤ꧀ꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀‌ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦏꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦒꦣꦃꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱ꧀ꦆꦁꦏꦁꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀‌ꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦱꦏꦤꦒꦫꦠꦺꦫꦶꦠꦺꦴꦫꦶꦪꦭ꧀ꦄꦼꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦩ꧀ꦆꦁꦧꦒꦺꦪꦁꦏꦁꦥꦭꦶꦁꦏꦸꦮꦠ꧀‌ꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦒꦫꦏꦁꦣꦸꦩꦣꦶꦱꦏꦒꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦛꦤꦺꦤꦒꦫꦏꦁꦥꦭꦶꦁꦫꦶꦁꦏꦶꦃ꧉

ꦌꦠꦶꦩꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ

꧋ꦠꦼꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦣꦶꦩꦔꦺꦂꦠꦺꦤꦶꦏꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠꦤ꧀ꦆꦁꦱꦗꦫꦃꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦱꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦪꦆꦏꦸꦱꦏꦥꦿꦧꦮꦤꦺꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦪꦥꦸꦂꦧ꧈ꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦱꦫꦤꦧꦱꦱꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦏꦺꦂꦠ;ꦩꦲꦫꦗ꧈ꦪꦆꦏꦸ"ꦫꦗꦏꦁꦱꦏ꧀ꦝꦸꦮꦸꦫꦺꦫꦗ";ꦥꦿꦩꦶꦭꦠꦼꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦔꦿꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦩꦫꦁꦏꦼꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦄꦒꦸꦁꦆꦁꦏꦁꦒꦣꦃꦣꦼꦣꦼꦒ꧀ꦏꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦣꦸꦮꦸꦂꦱꦏꦏꦼꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦄꦏꦺꦃꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧉ꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦫꦪꦏꦪꦠꦱꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ꦣꦶꦮꦺꦫꦸꦲꦶꦆꦁꦧꦧꦒꦤ꧀ꦱꦗꦫꦃꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉

꧋ꦠꦼꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦄꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦥꦿꦧꦮꦌꦫꦺꦴꦥꦃ꧈ꦪꦆꦏꦸꦆꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦫꦶꦪꦸꦩ꧀ꦆꦁꦏꦁꦏꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦱꦏꦧꦱꦭꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦣꦸꦮꦺꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱ꧀"ꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠꦤ꧀"ꦈꦠꦮ"ꦏꦺꦮꦺꦤꦔꦤ꧀"꧉

꧋ꦱꦼꦕꦫꦌꦠꦶꦩꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ꧈ꦥꦼꦁꦒꦸꦤꦄꦤ꧀ꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ"ꦆꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦫꦶꦪꦸꦩ꧀"ꦩꦼꦤꦸꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦮꦠꦸꦤꦒꦫꦧꦁꦱꦠꦼꦂꦥꦸꦱꦠ꧀ꦪꦁꦏꦸꦮꦠ꧀‌ꦄꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦠꦥꦶꦣꦭꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦁꦒꦸꦤꦄꦤ꧀ꦪꦁꦊꦧꦶꦃꦭꦺꦴꦁꦒꦂꦗꦸꦒꦩꦼꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦥꦣꦥꦼꦫꦸꦱꦲꦄꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦏꦭꦧꦼꦱꦂ꧉

꧋ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦪꦱꦔꦁꦒꦺꦫꦺꦴꦁꦠꦠꦕꦫ꧇(꧇꧑꧇)ꦣꦸꦩꦣꦶꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦫꦶꦠꦺꦴꦫꦶꦪꦭ꧀ꦩꦮꦶꦕꦫꦔꦸꦮꦱꦤꦶꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠꦤ꧀(ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦲꦺꦧꦣꦤ꧀ꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁꦏꦁꦒꦺꦤꦼꦠꦼꦥꦶꦄꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦶꦤꦺꦏꦻꦱꦂ)꧈ꦭꦤ꧀(꧇꧒꧇)ꦣꦸꦩꦣꦶꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦒꦺꦩꦺꦴꦤꦶꦏ꧀ꦒꦣꦃꦮꦠꦏ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺꦂꦱꦶꦥ꦳꧀‌ꦔꦸꦮꦱꦤꦶꦎꦫꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁꦩꦮꦶꦄꦠꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦏꦸꦮꦱꦄꦤ꧀(ꦥꦚꦺꦫꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦩꦤꦮꦶꦏꦻꦱꦂꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦩꦼꦏ꧀ꦱꦏꦺꦪꦺꦌꦔꦶꦤꦤꦺ)꧉ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦏꦥꦶꦱꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦤꦺꦲꦶꦏꦼꦏꦸꦮꦱꦄꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦒꦼꦣꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁ꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦩ꧀ꦧꦠꦺꦱꦶꦥꦼꦔꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦤ꧀ꦱꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦺꦄꦩꦂꦒꦶꦚꦼꦣꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂꦆꦁꦱꦭꦃꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦒꦂꦤꦶꦱꦸꦤ꧀꧈ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦏꦥꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴ꧈ꦪꦆꦏꦸꦩꦫꦶꦔꦶꦏꦼꦏꦸꦮꦱꦄꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦕꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦝꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦭꦶꦎꦫꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁ꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦩꦺꦤꦺꦲꦶꦏꦭꦺꦴꦁꦒꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂꦱꦸꦥꦪꦔ꧀ꦭꦏꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦌꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦥꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦱꦠꦺꦫꦸꦱꦺ꧉ꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦫꦶꦠꦺꦴꦫꦶꦪꦭ꧀(ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦃ꧇ꦏꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦔꦺꦴꦭ꧀꧈ꦣꦤ꧀ꦏꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦂꦱꦶ)ꦣꦸꦮꦺꦕꦶꦫꦶꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦱꦪꦔꦩ꧀ꦧ꧉ꦠꦼꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦈꦒꦔꦿꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦼꦩꦲꦫꦗꦤ꧀ꦩꦫꦶꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦈꦠꦮꦛꦭꦱꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ꧈(ꦠꦸꦭꦣ꧇ꦭꦶꦒꦣꦺꦭꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦆꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦫꦶꦪꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦶꦠꦤꦶꦪ)ꦩꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦆꦁꦏꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦭꦺꦴꦁꦒꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦏꦁꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦱꦺꦧꦂ꧉

ꦏꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏꦤ꧀

Gilpin, Robert War and Change in World Politics pp. 110–116
Johan Galtung (Januari 1996), The Decline and Fall of Empires: A Theory of De-Development, Honolulu, diarsip saka sing asli ing 2008-02-22, dibukak ing 2008-01-06 Written for the United Nations Research Institute on Development, UNRISD, Geneva.
Lens, Sidney; Zinn, Howard (2003), The Forging of the American Empire: From the Revolution to Vietnam: A History of American Imperialism, Plkuto press, ISBN 0745321003
Bowden, Brett (2009), The Empire of Civilization: The Evolution of an Imperial Idea, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226068145