Paprika: Béda antara owahan

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{{Infobox food|name=|image=Pimenton-ahumado-candeleda.jpg|image_size=|image_alt=|caption=A small bowl of [[Smoking (food)|smoked]] Spanish paprika, called ''pimentón'' in Spanish|alternate_name=|type=|course=|country=|region=|national_cuisine=|creator=<!-- or | creators = -->|year=|mintime=|maxtime=|served=|main_ingredient=|minor_ingredient=|variations=|serving_size=100 g|calories=282<!-- nutrition data from https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=02028 -->|calories_ref=|protein=14|fat=13|carbohydrate=54|glycemic_index=|similar_dish=|cookbook=|other=}} '''Paprika''' (ing US Inggris luwih asring sinebut {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|p|r|iː|k|ə}} [[null|pra=| Prakawis swara iki ]] {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|p|r|iː|k|ə}} , <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paprika|title=Definition of PAPRIKA|website=merriam-webster.com|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> Basa Inggris biasané {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|p|r|ɪ|k|ə}} [[null|pra=| Prakawis swara iki ]] {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|p|r|ɪ|k|ə}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/paprika|title=paprika - definition of paprika in English - Oxford Dictionaries|website=oxforddictionaries.com|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> ) yaiku [[Bumbon crakèn|bumbu adhedhasar sing]] digawe saka woh-wohan abang garing saka tetuwuhan sing luwih gedhe lan legi saka tanduran ''Capsicum'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/pepper|title=pepper|publisher=|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> sinebut ''bell pepper'' utawa ''mrica manis'' . Varietas sing paling asing dipigunakake kanggo nggawe paprika yaiku ''lada tomat'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.gardeningknowhow.com/tbt/hungarian-tomato-pepper/|title=Hungarian Tomato Pepper Plant Information|last=Dyer, Mary H.|website=gardeningknowhow.com|publisher=Gardening Know How|access-date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drgourmet.com/ingredients/paprika.shtml|title=Ingredients: Paprika|website=drgourmet.com|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> kadhangkala kanthi tambahan tanduran pungent, sing diarani ''[[lombok abang]]'', lan [[cayenne pepper]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-paprika.htm|title=What is Paprika? (with pictures)|website=wisegeek.org|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geniuskitchen.com/about/paprika-335|title=Paprika|website=Genius Kitchen|access-date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> Ing sadhengah basa, nanging ora ing basa Inggris, tembung ''paprika'' uga nuduhake tanduran uga woh saka bumbu iku digawé.
 
Senajan paprika asring digayutake karo [[Hungarian cuisine|masakan Hungaria]], lada saka sing digawe digawe saka Jagad [[Jagat Anyar|Anyar]] lan pungkasane dikenalaké karo [[Old World|Jagad Lawas]] . Asalé saka nagara Meksiko bageyan tengah, paprika digawa menyang Spanyol ing abad kaping 16. Bumbu iki uga digunakake kanggo nambahi werna kanggo akeh jinis masakan.
{{Infobox food|name=|image=Pimenton-ahumado-candeleda.jpg|image_size=|image_alt=|caption=A small bowl of [[Smoking (food)|smoked]] Spanish paprika, called ''pimentón'' in Spanish|alternate_name=|type=|course=|country=|region=|national_cuisine=|creator=<!-- or | creators = -->|year=|mintime=|maxtime=|served=|main_ingredient=|minor_ingredient=|variations=|serving_size=100 g|calories=282<!-- nutrition data from https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=02028 -->|calories_ref=|protein=14|fat=13|carbohydrate=54|glycemic_index=|similar_dish=|cookbook=|other=}} '''Paprika''' (ing US Inggris luwih asring sinebut {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|p|r|iː|k|ə}} [[null|pra=| Prakawis swara iki ]] {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|p|r|iː|k|ə}} , <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paprika|title=Definition of PAPRIKA|website=merriam-webster.com|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> Basa Inggris biasané {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|p|r|ɪ|k|ə}} [[null|pra=| Prakawis swara iki ]] {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|æ|p|r|ɪ|k|ə}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/paprika|title=paprika - definition of paprika in English - Oxford Dictionaries|website=oxforddictionaries.com|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> ) yaiku [[Bumbon crakèn|bumbu adhedhasar sing]] digawe saka woh-wohan abang garing saka tetuwuhan sing luwih gedhe lan legi saka tanduran ''Capsicum'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/pepper|title=pepper|publisher=|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> sinebut ''bell pepper'' utawa ''mrica manis'' . Varietas sing paling asing dipigunakake kanggo nggawe paprika yaiku ''lada tomat'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.gardeningknowhow.com/tbt/hungarian-tomato-pepper/|title=Hungarian Tomato Pepper Plant Information|last=Dyer, Mary H.|website=gardeningknowhow.com|publisher=Gardening Know How|access-date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drgourmet.com/ingredients/paprika.shtml|title=Ingredients: Paprika|website=drgourmet.com|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> kadhangkala kanthi tambahan tanduran pungent, sing diarani ''[[lombok abang]]'', lan [[cayenne pepper]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-paprika.htm|title=What is Paprika? (with pictures)|website=wisegeek.org|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geniuskitchen.com/about/paprika-335|title=Paprika|website=Genius Kitchen|access-date=January 3, 2018}}</ref> Ing sadhengah basa, nanging ora ing basa Inggris, tembung ''paprika'' uga nuduhake tanduran uga woh saka bumbu iku digawé.
 
Ing babagan adol tinuku ing paprika ditambahi saka [[Iberian Peninsula|Semenanjung Iberia]] ing benua Afrika lan Asia,<ref name="peppers">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsjvX31EMekC&q=paprika#v=snippet&q=paprika&f=false|title=Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums|last=Andrews|first=Jean|date=1995|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292704671|edition=New|location=Austin, Texas|page=8|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref> {{Rp|8}} lan ngrambah wekasane [[Éropah Tengah|Eropah Tengah]] liwat Balkan, banjur ing [[Kakaisaran Ottoman|Ottoman]] aturan, kang nerangake asal Hungaria saka tembung Inggris. Ing Spanyol, paprika dikenal minangka ''pimentón'' wiwit abad kaping 16, nalika dadi bahan khas ing masakan barat Extremadura .<ref name="peppers" /> {{Rp|5, 73}} Senadyan anané ing dataran Eropah Tengah wiwit=wiwitan pamukangan Ottoman, dhèwèké ora pati misuwur ing Hongaria nganti pungkasan abad kaping 19 Masehi.<ref name="glossary">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAQOAAAAQAAJ&q=paprika#v=snippet&q=paprika&f=false|title=The Glutton's Glossary: A Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms|last=Ayto|first=John|date=1990|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415026475|location=London|page=205|language=en|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
Senajan paprika asring digayutake karo [[Hungarian cuisine|masakan Hungaria]], lada saka sing digawe digawe saka Jagad [[Jagat Anyar|Anyar]] lan pungkasane dikenalaké karo [[Old World|Jagad Lawas]] . Asalé saka nagara Meksiko bageyan tengah, paprika digawa menyang Spanyol ing abad kaping 16. Bumbu iki uga digunakake kanggo nambahi werna kanggo akeh jinis masakan.
 
IngPaprika babaganbisa adolwiwit tinukusaka ingentheng paprikanganti ditambahipanas - rasa uga maneka warna saka [[Iberiannegara Peninsula|Semenanjungmenyang Iberia]]negara ing- benuananging Afrikameh lankabeh Asia,tanduran thukul ngasilake macem-macem manis.<ref name="peppersmemoir">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsjvX31EMekCcdfiz5IS22QC&q=paprika#v=snippet&q=paprika&f=falsedq|title=PeppersPaprika: TheA DomesticatedSpicy CapsicumsMemoir from Hungary|last=AndrewsSasvari|first=JeanJoanne|date=19952005|publisher=UniversityCanWest of Texas PressBooks|isbn=9780292704671|edition=New9781897229057|location=AustinToronto, TexasON|page=8202|access-date=20 October 20, 2016}}</ref> {{Rp|8}}Paprika lanmanis ngrambahpadatane wekasanedigawe [[Éropah Tengah|Eropah Tengah]] liwat Balkan, banjur ingsaka [[KakaisaranFruit Ottomananatomy|Ottomanpericarp]] aturan, kangkanthi nerangake asal Hungarialuwih saka tembung Inggris.separo Ingwiji Spanyoldiguwak, déné paprika dikenalpanas minangkangandhut ''pimentón''sawetara wiwitwiji, abadgalih, kapingkulit 16ari, nalikalan dadi bahan khas ing masakan barat Extremadura[[angkup]] . <ref name="peppers" /> {{Rp|5, 73}} SenadyanWerna anané ing dataran Eropah Tengah wiwit=wiwitan pamukanganpaprika Ottomanabang, dhèwèkéoren orautawa patikuning misuwuramarga ingisi Hongariasaka nganti[[Carotenoids|karotenoid]] pungkasan abad kaping 19 Masehi. <ref name="glossaryijms">{{Cite bookjournal|urllast=https://books.google.com/books?idGómez-García Mdel|first=vAQOAAAAQAAJ&qR|last2=paprika#vOchoa-Alejo|first2=snippet&q=paprika&fN|year=false2013|title=TheBiochemistry Glutton'sand Glossary:molecular A Dictionarybiology of Foodcarotenoid andbiosynthesis Drinkin Termschili peppers (Capsicum spp.)|lastjournal=AytoInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences|firstvolume=John14|dateissue=19909|publisherpages=Routledge19025–53|isbndoi=978041502647510.3390/ijms140919025|locationpmc=London3794819|pagepmid=205|language=en|access-date=20 October 201624065101}}</ref>
 
Paprika bisa wiwit saka entheng nganti panas - rasa uga maneka warna saka negara menyang negara - nanging meh kabeh tanduran thukul ngasilake macem-macem manis. <ref name="memoir">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdfiz5IS22QC&dq|title=Paprika: A Spicy Memoir from Hungary|last=Sasvari|first=Joanne|date=2005|publisher=CanWest Books|isbn=9781897229057|location=Toronto, ON|page=202|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Paprika manis padatane digawe saka [[Fruit anatomy|pericarp]], kanthi luwih saka separo wiji diguwak, déné paprika panas ngandhut sawetara wiji, galih, kulit ari, lan [[angkup]] . <ref name="peppers">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsjvX31EMekC&q=paprika#v=snippet&q=paprika&f=false|title=Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums|last=Andrews|first=Jean|date=1995|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292704671|edition=New|location=Austin, Texas|page=8|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref> {{Rp|5, 73}} Werna paprika abang, oren utawa kuning amarga isi saka [[Carotenoids|karotenoid]] . <ref name="ijms">{{Cite journal|last=Gómez-García Mdel|first=R|last2=Ochoa-Alejo|first2=N|year=2013|title=Biochemistry and molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in chili peppers (Capsicum spp.)|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=14|issue=9|pages=19025–53|doi=10.3390/ijms140919025|pmc=3794819|pmid=24065101}}</ref>
 
== Sejarah lan etimologi ==
Tanduran iki asring digunakake kanggo nggawe rempah-rempah versi Hungaria saka dituku nalika ing taun 1569 dening wong [[Turkish people|Turki]] ing [[Buda]] <ref name="etymdict">{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=paprika|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|date=|publisher=Etymonline.com|access-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref> saiki <ref name="etymdict">{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=paprika|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|date=|publisher=Etymonline.com|access-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref> (saiki bagéan saka [[Budapest]], ibu kutha Hongaria). Paprika saka Eropah Tengah [[Pedhes|luwih pedhes]] nganti taun 1920-an, nalika wong tani [[Szeged]] nemu tanduran sing ngasilake woh kang duwe rasa legi, kang dicithak ana ing tetanduran liyané. <ref name="memoir">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdfiz5IS22QC&dq|title=Paprika: A Spicy Memoir from Hungary|last=Sasvari|first=Joanne|date=2005|publisher=CanWest Books|isbn=9781897229057|location=Toronto, ON|page=202|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
 
Panyebaran sing pisanan nggunakake ''paprika'' tembung ing basa Inggris yaiku saka taun 1896 Masehi, <ref name="etymdict">{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=paprika|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|date=|publisher=Etymonline.com|access-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref> sanajan referensi wiwitan kanggo paprika [[Basa Turki|Turki]] dibabarake ing taun 1831 Masehi. <ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0e0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA476|title=encuclopaedia americana|last=Lieber|first=Francis|date=1831|page=476|language=en|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Tembung iki asalé saka ''paprika'' ana ing tembung [[Basa Hongaria|Hungaria]], sing [[Diminutive|diminutif]] saka tembung [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Kroasia]] ''papar'' ( [[Alfabèt Kiril|Cyrillic]] : папар) sing tegesé "lada", <ref>{{Cite book|title=A Magyar Nyelv Történeti-Etimológiai Szótára|date=1976|publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó|volume=3|location=Budapest|page=93|trans-title=The Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Hungarian Language}} "'''paprika 1748''' ... Szerb-horvát eredetű ... Ez a szb.-hv. ''pàpar'' 'bors' ..." [paprika 1748 ... Serbo-Croatian originally ... This is the Serbo-Croatian ''pàpar'' 'pepper' ...] (followed by an explanation of the Hungarian suffix ''-ka'').</ref> sing asale saka ''[[Piper (genus)|piper]]'' Latin utawa ''piperi'' Yunani modern. <ref name="etymdict" /> ''Paprika'' lan tembung sing padha, ''peperke'', ''piperke'', lan ''paparka'', dipigunakaké ing sadhengah [[Kulawarga basa Slavika|basa Slavik]] ing Balkan kanggo woh paprika . <ref name="peppers">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsjvX31EMekC&q=paprika#v=snippet&q=paprika&f=false|title=Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums|last=Andrews|first=Jean|date=1995|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292704671|edition=New|location=Austin, Texas|page=8|access-date=October 20, 2016}}</ref> {{Rp|5, 73}}
 
== Produksi lan varietas ==
[[Gambar:Paprika_Vendor_Budapest_big_hall.jpg|jmpl| Pedagang paprika Hungaria ing Hall Pasar Gedhe [[Budapest]] ]]
Paprika iku diprodhuksi ing pirang-pirang papan panggonan kang kalebu ing Hongaria, Serbia, Spanyol, Walanda, China, lan sawetara wilayah ing Amerika Serikat. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foodreference.com/html/artpaprika.html|title=Paprika&nbsp;— Food Facts|date=|publisher=Food Reference|access-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="asia">{{Cite book|title=The Complete Book on Spices & Condiments (With Cultivation, Processing & Uses)|last=NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers|publisher=Asia Pacific Business Press|year=2006|isbn=8178330385|edition=2nd|pages=133–135}}</ref>
 
Ana ing Hungaria minangka sumber utama paprika sing biasané dipigunakake. <ref name="asia">{{Cite book|title=The Complete Book on Spices & Condiments (With Cultivation, Processing & Uses)|last=NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers|publisher=Asia Pacific Business Press|year=2006|isbn=8178330385|edition=2nd|pages=133–135}}</ref> Iku kasedhiya ing macem-macem gelar kayata:kaya ta:
 
* Noble sweet ( ''Édesnemes'' ) &nbsp; - rada pungent (paprika sing paling kerep diekspor; abang padhang)
Baris 26 ⟶ 25:
* Rose ( ''rózsa'' ) &nbsp; - kanthi aroma sing kuat lan pungency entheng (werna abang pucat)
* Semi-manis ( ''félédes'' ) &nbsp; - campuran saka paprikas entheng lan pungent; medium pungency
* Kuwat ( ''erős'' ) &nbsp; - paprika paling enom (werna coklat kecoklatan) <ref name="asia">{{Cite book|title=The Complete Book on Spices & Condiments (With Cultivation, Processing & Uses)|last=NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers|publisher=Asia Pacific Business Press|year=2006|isbn=8178330385|edition=2nd|pages=133–135}}</ref>
 
Paprika Spanyol ( ''pimentón'' ) kasedhiya ing telung versi - ringan ( ''pimentón dulce'' ), ''rada'' pedhes ( ''pimentón agridulce'' ) lan pedas ( ''pimentón picante'' ). ''Pepino'' Spanyol sing paling dimangerteni, ''Pimentón de la Vera'', duwe rasa lan ambu sing asat, kayatakaya ta digaringake karo [[rokok]], biasane nganggo kayu [[oak]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spanishfood.about.com/od/essentialingredients/a/paprika.htm|title=Spanish Paprika&nbsp;— Pimentón|date=March 2, 2011|publisher=Spanishfood.about.com|access-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref> ''Pimentón de [[Murcia]]'' ora di garang, secara tradhisional ''ditandur'' ing dhaerah kang kena srengenge utawa ing kiln. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thespruce.com/spanish-paprika-pimenton-3083134|title=Pimentón, or Spanish Paprika: Where It Comes from, How It's Made, and More|work=The Spruce|access-date=2017-09-23}}</ref>
 
== Piguna ==
 
=== Kuliner ===
Paprika digunakake minangka bahan ing akeh piring ing donya iki. Utamané dipigunakaké kanggo rempah-rempah masakan lan menehi werna, duduh, lan sup, kayatakaya ta [[goulash]], lan ing sawetara [[sosis]], dicampur karo daging lan uga karo rempah-rempah liyane. Ing Amerika Serikat, paprika asring disiram mentah ing panganan minangka hiasan, nanging rasa luwih apik diasilake kanthi ngolah minyak. {{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}
<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">sunting</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>
Masakan nasional Hongaria kang ''ngandhut'' paprika ya iku kalebu ''gulai'' (goulash), godhogan daging, lan ''paprikash'' (resep : resep Hungaria sing nggabungake daging utawa pithik, duduh kaldu, paprika, lan krim hiyam). Ing [[Moroccan cuisine|masakan Maroko]], paprika ( ''tahmira'' ) biasane ditambahi kanthi tambahan woh zaitun cilik sing ''diasilake'' .
 
=== Karoten ===
Werna abang saka bubuk paprika, warna oranye utawa werna kuning asalé saka campuran [[Carotenoids|karotenoid]] . <ref name="ijms">{{Cite journal|last=Gómez-García Mdel|first=R|last2=Ochoa-Alejo|first2=N|year=2013|title=Biochemistry and molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in chili peppers (Capsicum spp.)|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=14|issue=9|pages=19025–53|doi=10.3390/ijms140919025|pmc=3794819|pmid=24065101}}</ref> warna Kuning-oranye saka werna paprika ditemokake utamane saka [[Alpha-carotene|α-karoten]] lan [[Β-carotene|β-karoten]] ( [[provitamin A]] senyawa), [[zeaxanthin]], [[lutein]] lan [[Beta-cryptoxanthin|β-cryptoxanthin]], déné werna abang diudhunake saka [[capsanthin]] karo [[capsorubin]] . <ref name="ijms" />
 
=== Nutrisi ===
IAna ng ukuran sing ukurane kurang luwih saben sak [[Teaspoon|sendok teh]] (2 gram), paprika nyedhiyakake 6 [[Calories|kalori]] lan sugih ing kandhutan [[vitamin A]] (21% saka [[Daily Value|Nilai Saben]], DV), moderat ing [[vitamin B6]] (14% DV) lan [[vitamin E]] (10% ), uga ora nyedhiyakake [[Hara|gizi]] liyane ing gizi wigati. <ref name="nd">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c203C.html|title=Nutrient content for paprika in a one teaspoon amount|date=2014|publisher=Conde Nast for the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database, Standard Release 21|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
 
== Deloken uga ==