Hymenoptera: Béda antara owahan
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'''Hymenoptera''' utawa ordo [[srangga]] iku klompok lan 200.000 spesies bangsa utama [[semut]] saka [[tawon]] kéwan mawa ros-ros sing sikilé enem. Jeneng iki ngrujuk menyang swiwi mawa mémbran saka srangga, lan didhunké saka [[basa Yunani Kuna]] [[wikt:ὑμήν|ὑμήν]] (humẽn): mémbran lan [[wikt:πτερόν|πτερόν]] (pteron): swiwi. [[Swiwi srangga|Swisi mburi]] kagandhèng menyang [[swiwi srangga|swiwi ngarep]] déning sapérangan kait sing diarani [[hamuli]].
== Klasifikasi ==
=== Symphyta ===
Subordo [[Symphyta]] kalebu [[laler godhong]], [[buntut tandhuk]], lan [[Orussidae|tawon kayu parasit]]. Klompok iki katoné [[parafiletik]], amarga asring dipercaya yèn famili [[Orussidae]] ana jroning klompok sing saka kono Apocrita ngrembaka. Srangga iki duwé simpangan ora saya ciut antarané thorax lan abdomen, lan larva-larva saka wangun sing urip bébas biyasané herbivora, duwé sikil, mawa [[sikil ngarep]] (ing saben segmen, ora kaya [[Lepidoptera]]), lan [[ocelli]].
=== Apocrita ===
Tawon, lebah, lan semut mbentuk subordo [[Apocrita]], dicirikaké kanthi panyiutan antarané segmen abdomen pisanan lan kaloro sing diarani bangkèkan tawon ([[petiola]]), uga nglibataké manunggalé segmen abdomen pisanan ing [[thorax]]. Kabèh larva Apocrita uga ora duwé sikil, sikil ngarep, uga ocelli.
== Rujukan ==
* {{cite book|author=[[David Grimaldi|Grimaldi, D.]] and [[Michael S. Engel|Engel, M.S.]] |title=Evolution of the Insects|year=[[2005]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|id=ISBN 0-521-82149-5}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Alex Rasnitsyn|Rasnitsyn, A.P.]] and Quicke, D.L.J.|title=History of Insects|year=[[2002]]|publisher=[[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]|id=ISBN 1-4020-0026-X |pages=242-254}}
{{Reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat}}
;Umum
* {{de}} [http://www.hymis.eu/fotos/topical/topical.php?nav1=topical Hymenoptera Information System]
* [http://www.cirrusimage.com/hymenoptera.htm Hymenoptera of North America - large format reference photographs, descriptions, taxonomy]
* [http://www.hymenopterists.org/ International Society of Hymenopterists]
* [http://www.bwars.com/ Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society] (UK)
* {{ru}} [http://www.lasius.narod.ru/ Ants Photo Gallery]
* [http://palaeoentomolog.ru/english.html Fosil serangga di Rusia]
* [http://fossilinsects.net/index.html International Palaeoentomological Society]
* [http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/selhome/sphecos/sph30ttl.htm Sphecos Forum for Aculeate Hymenopterra]
* [http://morphbank.net/Browse/ByImage/index.php?keywords=&tsnKeywords=hymenoptera&spKeywords=&viewKeywords=whole+body&localityKeywords=&listField1=imageId&orderAsc1=DESC&listField2=&orderAsc2=ASC&listField3=&orderAsc3=ASC&numPerPage=20&goTo=&resetOffset=&activeSubmit=2 Gambar-gambar Hymenoptera di MorphBank, basis data gambar biologi]
;Sistematika
* [http://hymenoptera.ucr.edu Hymenopteran Systematics]
;Dhaptar kawasan
* [http://www.ufrrj.br/institutos/ib/ento/tomo11.pdf Insetos dos Brazil]
* [http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biosystematics/invertebrates/hymenoptera/ New Zealand Hymenoptera]
* [http://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_wasps/index.htm Waspweb] Gambar-gambar jempolan atas Hymenoptera [[Afrotropis]]
[[Kategori:Hymenoptera| ]]
[[Kategori:Srangga]]
[[Kategori:Fauna ]]
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