Mohammad-Ali Foroughi
Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1 Januari 1875[1][2][3] – 26 November 1942, Pèrsi: محمدعلی فروغی ) uga dikenal minangka Zoka-ol-Molk ( Persia : ذکاءالملک) yaiku guru, diplomat, nasionalis, panulis, politisi lan Perdana Menteri Iran .
| Mohammad-Ali Foroughi | |
|---|---|
| محمدعلی فروغی | |
 | |
| Prime Minister of Iran 22nd | |
| Linggih 27 August 1941 – 9 March 1942 | |
| Ratu | Reza Shah Mohammad Reza Shah |
| Kang sadurungé | Ali Mansur |
| Kang sawisé | Ali Soheili |
| Linggih 18 September 1933 – 3 December 1935 | |
| Ratu | Reza Shah |
| Kang sadurungé | Mehdi Qoli Hedayat |
| Kang sawisé | Mahmoud Jam |
| Linggih 1 November 1925 – 13 June 1926 | |
| Ratu | Reza Shah |
| Kang sadurungé | Rēzā Pahlavi |
| Kang sawisé | Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |
| Minister of Finance | |
| Linggih 1 September 1924 – 1 November 1925 | |
| Mahamantri | Reza Khan |
| Linggih 15 June 1923 – 26 October 1923 | |
| Mahamantri | Hassan Pirnia |
| Linggih 14 March 1915 – 1 May 1915 | |
| Mahamantri | Hassan Pirnia |
| Linggih 24 May 1913 – 3 June 1913 | |
| Mahamantri | Saad ad-Daula |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| Linggih 28 October 1923 – 1 September 1924 | |
| Mahamantri | Reza Khan |
| Linggih 14 February 1923 – 15 June 1923 | |
| Mahamantri | Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |
| Minister of Justice | |
| Linggih 3 June 1913 – 6 December 1914 | |
| Mahamantri | Saad ad-Daula Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |
| Speaker of the Parliament | |
| Linggih 6 July 1912 – 10 July 1912 | |
| Kang sadurungé | Mirza Esmaiel Khan |
| Kang sawisé | Hossein Pirnia |
| Member of the Parliament of Iran | |
| Linggih 19 November 1909 – 3 August 1921 | |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| Rerincèn dhiri | |
| Lair | 1 January 1875 Tehran, Iran |
| Pati | 26 Novèmber 1942 (umur 67) Tehran, Iran |
| Pakuburan | Ibn Babawayh Cemetery |
| Parté pulitik | Revival Party |
| Anak | 6 |
| Almamater | Tehran School of Political Sciences Dar ul-Funun |
Awal urip lan pendidikan besut
Foroughi lair ing Teheran kanggo kulawarga pedagang saka Isfahan . Leluhuré, Mirza Abutorab minangka wakil saka Isfahan ing dataran Mugan sajrone penobatan Nader Shah Afshar . Kakeknya, Mohammad Mehdi Arbab Isfahani, ana ing antarane para pedagang paling berpengaruh ing Isfahan lan mahir ing sajarah lan geografi. Bapakne Mohammad Hosein Foroughi iku penerjemah Shah saka basa Arab lan Perancis. Dheweke uga penyair lan nerbitake koran sing disebut Tarbiat. Naser al-Din Shah Qajar dijuluki Mohammad Hosein, Foroughi, sawise ngrungu sawijining puisi sing ditulis. Akeh sumber sing nyebutake yen leluhur Foroughi yaiku wong Yahudi Baghdadi sing teka ing Isfahan lan diowahi dadi Islam. [4] Sajrone pendhudhukan Iran ing perang donya kaping pindho, Nazi Jerman kerep nandheske leluhur Yahudi iki ing siaran radio.[5]Sajrone urip awal, Foroughi sinau ing elite Dar ul-Funun (House of Sciences) ing Teheran .
Karir besut
Ing taun 1907, ramane Foroughi tilar donya, lan kanthi mangkono, Foroughi ngrebut gelar bapake Zoka-ol-Molk .[6]. Ing taun sing padha, Foroughi dadi dekan College of Political Sciences . Ing taun 1909, dheweke dadi politikus minangka anggota Dewan (Parlemen), sing makili Teheran. Panjenenganipun salajengipun dados pembicara rumah lan nate dados mentri ing pinten-pinten kabinèt ugi perdhana mentri kaping tiga lan sepindhah minangka perdana menteri nalika Reza Khan mundur minangka perdana menteri kanggé ngangkat makutha minangka Reza Shah. Ing taun 1912, piyambakipun dados presiden Mahkamah Agung Iran. Sawise kuwi, dheweke ditunjuk minangka perdana menteri lan dipecat taun 1935 amarga bapakné mertua, Muhammad Vali Asadi, didakwa partisipasi ing huru-hara ing Mashhad nglawan reformasi sing dilakokaké déning Reza Shah [7]
Nanging, akhire Foroughi bisa ngolehake statuse lan dadi Perdhana Mentri nalika fase awal pemerintahan Mohammad Reza Pahlavi[7] Foroughi minangka perdana menteri minangka instrumental nalika Mohammad Reza Pahlavi diproklamasèkaké minangka raja sawisé bapaké, Reza Shah, dipeksa nyerah (16 September 1941) lan diasingaké déning pasukan sekutu United Kingdom lan Uni Sovyèt nalika Perang Donya II . Sawisé ambruk kabinet, dheweke dijenengi Mentri Pengadilan banjur dijenengi duta besar Iran kanggo Amerika Serikat, nanging dheweke tiwas ing Teheran nalika umur 67 taun sadurunge bisa nganggep pos kasebut.
Buku besut
Foroughi nulis akeh buku, kalebu
- The History of Iran,
- The History of the Ancient Peoples of The East,
- A Short History of Ancient Rome,
- Constitutional Etiquette,
- A Concise Course in Physics,
- Far-fetched Thoughts,
- The Wisdom of Socrates,
- The History of Philosophy in Europe,
- My Message to the Academy of Language (Farhangestan),
- The Rules of Oratory or The Technique of Speech Making,
- a book on the Shahnameh (The Book of Kings). [butuh klarifikasi]
Rujukan besut
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ http://seemorgh.com/culture/history-and-civilization/history-and-civilization-of-iran/274314-با-محمدعلی-فروغی-آشنا-شوید/
- ↑ https://cgie.org.ir/fa/news/181533
- ↑ Mina Shahmiri, A look at the life of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, in the midst of culture and power, Etemad Newspaper, No 1842, 2008.
- ↑ Bagher Agheli, A biography of political and military figures in contemporary Iran, Elm publishing, Tehran, 2001.
- ↑ Amanat: FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ ḎOKĀʾ-AL-MOLK. Encyclopedia Iranica, 1999, pp. 108–112.
- ↑ a b Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 Oktober 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. kc. 35. ISBN 978-0-520-25328-5. Dibukak ing 4 Novèmber 2012.
Sumber besut
- 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the past three centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). ISBN 964-93406-6-1 (Vol. 1), ISBN 964-93406-5-3 (Vol. 2).
- Afshar, Iraj (1999). "FORŪGĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ ḎOKĀʾ-AL-MOLK". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 1. London et al. kc. 108–112.
Pranala Njaba besut
| Wikimedia Commons duwé médhia ngenani Mohammad Ali Foroughi. |
- A short motion picture of Mohammad-Ali Foroughi, from the film archives of Anoshirvan Sepahbodi, Geneva, 1931: YouTube.
| Kalungguhan pulitik | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kang sadurungé Reza Khan |
Prime Minister of Iran 1925–1926 |
Kang sawisé Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |
| Kang sadurungé Mehdi Qoli Hedayat |
Prime Minister of Iran 1933–1935 |
Kang sawisé Mahmoud Jam |
| Kang sadurungé Ali Mansur |
Prime Minister of Iran 1941–1942 |
Kang sawisé Ali Soheili |