Naraguna:Wirjadisastra/Kothak wedhi

Rintisan iku artikel sing dianggep kecendhaken olèhé ngrembug sawijining subyèk murih bisa diarani ènsiklophèdhis. Kaca iki ancasé mènèhi panuntun umum ngenani artikel-artikel rintisan.

Bab kapisan, Informasi pokok, ngemu informasi pamrayoga katur sakèhing naraguna. Bab kapindho, Nggawé jinis-jinis rintisan, ngemu materi mirunggan.

CATHETAN: Kaca iki DUDU papan kanggo njaluk gawé artikel rintisan anyar. Ngenani iku, bisaa tiliki Wikipedia:Artikel nedya digawé.

Informasi pokok

Rintisan iku artikel sing kecendhaken olèhé ngrembug subyek ènsiklopédhis senajan informasi sing kamot sajeroné migunani. Awit mangkono, artikel rintisan bisa dimekaraké. Kaca-kaca nir-artikel, kaya ta kaca nirtaksa, pratélan, kategori, cithakan, parembugan, lan alihan, ora bisa minangka rintisan.

Menawa artikel rintisan mung ngandhut sithik informasi sing bisa divèrifikasi, utawa ora minangkani paugeran notabilitas, artikel mangkono bisa dibusak utawa digabung karo artikel liya sing magepokan.

Senajan mung ngemu "dhéfinisi" waé wis cukup murih artikel bisa kagolong rintisan, perlu dadi kawigatèn yèn Wikipédia mono dudu bausastra. Bedané artikel bausastra karo artikel bauwarna dijlèntrèhaké kanthi cetha sarana prabédaning anggo lan sebut iki:

• Artikel bausastra iku ngenani tembung utawa pitembungan lan bakal asring ngandhut manéka dhéfinisi ing sajeroné
• Artikel bauwarna iku ngenani subyèk sing disebut ing sesirah nanging racak mung ngandhut sadhéfinisi (utawa ing sawenèh conto, sawetara dhéfinisi sing kurang luwih padha) tur bisa duwé sawenèh tembung utawa pitembungan sairib (sinonim).

Artikel dawa racak ora dianggep rintisan, masiya duwé prakara wigati lan katon ora pepak. Kanggo artikel kaya mangkéné, cithakan reresik adaté sing dianggo, dudu cithakan rintisan.

Artikel dawa iku sapira dawané?

Wis sawetara taun, pirang-pirang narabesut Wikipédia mituruti manéka pitutur saperlu mutusaké endi artikel sing rintisan lan endi sing dudu. Narabesut bisa mutusaké yèn artikel siji ngandhut luwih saka sapuluh ukara ora kalebu rintisan, déné artikel liyané ngandhut saorané 250 tembung iya ora kalebu rintisan. Narabesut liya ana sing mituruti bebaku Sumurup ta? sing bisa ngandhut mung ngancik 1.500 karakter ing tèks pokok. AutoWikiBrowser kerep otomatis mbusak tag rintisan saka artikel sing ngemu punjul 500 tembung.

Ora ana ukuran sing gumathok kanggo mutusaké yèn sawiji artikel rintisan apa dudu. Masiya cetha yèn artikel sing cendhak banget bakal kagolong rintisan, ana sawenèh subyèk sing pancèn mung duwé sithik informasi sing bisa ditulis. Sawaliké, ana subyèk sing duwé akèh informasi sing bisa ditulis, déné artikelé isih kagolong rintisan senajan ngandhut sawetara paragraf dawa. Awit mangkono, mokal mutusaké manawa sawiji artikel kagolong rintisan mung lumantar dawané, mula putusané kawènèhaké marang kawicaksanané narabesut (éséi déning sawijining naraguna ngenani aturan Croughton-London bokmenawa migunani nedya mutusaké menawa sawijining artikel kagolong rintisan apa dudu). Sairib, status rintisan racak ditemtokaké mligi déning dawané tèks sing gancaran – pratélan, cithakan, gambar, lan pérangan sakupenging artikel biyasané ora kalebu ing pamutus yèn artikel iku rintisan apa dudu.

Nggawé lan mbecikaké artikel rintisan

Delengen uga: Wikipedia:Nulis artikel sing becik

Narabesut sing durung karègistrasi bokmenawa wiwit ing Wikipédia kanthi nulis artikel rintisan.

Nalika panjenengan nulis artikel rintisan, perlu dadi kawigatèn yèn tulisané panjenengan kudu ngandhut cukup informasi murih narabesut liya bisa mekaraké tulisané panjenengan. Kunciné iku kanthi mènèhi kontèks sing cukup awit artikel sing sithik utawa malah ora ana kontèksé tundhoné mung bakal gelis dibusak. Panjenengan bisa miwiti riset awal sarana buku utawa sana jaringan sing pinercaya. Panjenengan uga kena nyumbang kawruh sing asalé saka sumber liya, nanging penting anané ngayahi riset dhisik sadurungé saperlu mesthèkaké yèn informasiné sampéyan tlesih lan ora emban cindhé emban siladan. Anggoa tembung-tembungé panjenengan dhéwé: njiplak langsung sumber njaba tanpa wènèh krédhit marang sumberé iku kalebu tumindhak plagiarisme, dalah ing sawetara kadadéan kalebu tumindhak panerak ing hak cipta.

Wiwiti kanthi wènèh dhéfinisi utawa dhèskripsi marang rembugé panjenengan. Aja klèru ing dhéfinisi. Tulisa kanthi cetha lan miterangi. Contoné, kandhakaké ing tulisané panjenengan yèn sawijining wong iku kondhang amarga apa, sawijing papan iku pernahé ana ing endi lan kondhang amarga apa, utawa rerincèn pokok ngenani sawijining kadadéan lan kapan olèhé dumadi.

Banjur, jajala artikel itu dimekaraké saka dhéfinisi pokok iku. Gayutaké tembung-tembung sing rélevan marang artikel-artikel sing wis ana, murih naraguna sing durung kulina karo subyèké bisa nyumurupi apa sing panjenengan tulis. Aja nggayutaké tembung-tembung sing ora rélevan; nanging, élingi endi tembung sing bokmenawa butuh dhéfinisi luwih supaya naraguna biyasa bisa mangertèni artikelé.

Wusana, pérangan sing banget wigati: wuwuha sumber tumrap informasi sing wis panjenengan tulis ing artikel rintisan; waca nyitir sumber ngenani informasi carané ngecakaké iku ing Wikipédia.

Piyé carané mbecikaké artikel rintisan

Sawisé nulis artikel cendhak, utawa mrangguli artikel rintisan sing durung ditandhani, panjenengan kudu masang cithakan rintisan. Piliha cithakan sing pas saka pratélan ing Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types.

Minangkani panuntun gagrag, cithakan rintisan didokok ing pungkasaning artikel, sawisé pérangan Pranala njaba, cithakan navigasi, lan tag ketegori, ingga kategori rintisan bakal muncul sawisé sakèhing isining artikel. Leave two blank lines between the first stub template and whatever precedes it. As with all templates, stub templates are added by simply placing the name of the template in the text between double pairs of curly brackets (e.g., {{Wikipedia-stub}}). Stub templates are transcluded, not substituted.

Stub templates have two parts: a short message noting the stub's topic and encouraging editors to expand it, and a category link, which places the article in a stub category alongside other stubs on the same topic. The naming for stub templates is usually topic-stub; a list of these templates may be found here. You need not learn all the templates—even simply adding {{stub}} helps (see this essay for more information). The more accurately an article is tagged, however, the less work it is for other sorters later, and the more useful it is for editors looking for articles to expand.

If an article overlaps several stub categories, more than one template may be used, but it is strongly recommended that only those relating to the subject's main notability be used. A limit of three or, if really necessary, four stub templates is advised.

Stub-related activities are centralised at Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting (shortcut Wikipedia:WSS). This project should be your main reference for stub information, and is where new stub types should be proposed for discussion prior to creation.

Removing stub status

Once a stub has been properly expanded and becomes a larger article, any editor may remove its stub template. No administrator action or formal permission is needed. Stub templates are usually located at the bottom of the page, and usually have a name like {{something-stub}} if you are using the classic wikitext editor rather than VisualEditor.

Many articles still marked as stubs have in fact been expanded beyond what is regarded as stub size. If an article is too large to be considered a stub but still needs expansion, the stub template may be removed and appropriate {{expand section}} templates may be added (no article should contain both a stub template and an expand template).

When removing stub templates, users should also visit the talk page and update the WikiProject classifications as necessary.

Be bold in removing stub tags that are clearly no longer applicable.

Locating stubs

• Category:Stub categories the main list of stub categories and of articles contained within them
• Category:Stubs deprecated, but still receives a few articles periodically
• Special:Shortpages

Creating stub types

Please propose new stub types at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals so that they may be discussed before creating them.

In general, a stub type consists of a stub template and a dedicated stub category, although "upmerged" templates are also occasionally created which feed into more general stub categories.

If you identify a group of stub articles that do not fit an existing stub type, or if an existing stub category is growing very large, you can propose the creation of a new stub type which is debated at Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals.

Example

An example of a stub template is {{Writer-stub}}, which produces:

The stub category, Category:Writer stubs, lists all articles containing the {{Writer-stub}} template.

Guidelines

Several guidelines are used to decide whether a new stub type is useful. These include the following:

1. Is there a stub type for this topic already? (Check Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types.)
2. Will the new type be well-defined? (Stub categories are a tool used by editors to expand articles. Good topic definition makes stubs easier to sort accurately.)
3. Does the new stub type cover ground not covered by other type, or create a well-defined subtype that does?
4. Will there be a significant number of existing stubs in this category? (Ideally, a newly created stub type has 100–300 articles. In general, any new stub category should have a minimum of 60 articles. This threshold is modified in the case of the main stub category used by a WikiProject.)
5. Would your new stub type overlap with other stub types? (Stub types form a hierarchy and as such are usually split in specific ways. Compare other stub splits at Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types.)
6. If you are breaking a subtype out of an existing type, will the new creation reduce the size of the parent by a significant amount? (This is not an absolute necessity, but is often a catalyst for the creation of stub categories. Stub categories containing over 800 articles are typically considered to be "over-sized", and in need of such sub-types.)

If you think you have satisfied these guidelines, it is highly recommended that you propose the new stub type at stub type proposals page. This allows for debate on matters relating to the stub type that may not have occurred to the proposer, and also allows for objections if the split does not satisfy stub guidelines. If there are no objections within five days, you may create the new stub type.

New stub templates

Once the creation of a new stub type has been discussed at Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals and agreed upon, a template can be created. The name of this should follow the stub type naming conventions, and will usually be decided during the discussion process.

All stub templates should link to a stub category. This may be a category specific to the topic of the template, or the template might be "upmerged" to one or more less specific categories – for example, a template for Andorran history might link to a stub category for European history and a general Andorran stub category. This is often thought to be desirable when a stub type is proposed in anticipation of future use, but is not currently over the size threshold; or where an existing stub type has a finite number of well-defined subdivisions, with some numerically viable as subtypes, and others not.

Adding a small image to the stub template (the "stub icon") is generally discouraged because it increases the strain on the Wikipedia servers but may be used, so long as the image must be public domain or have a free license – fair use images must not be used in templates. Stub icons should be small, preferably no more than about 40px in size.

The standard code for stub templates is found at: {{asbox}}. This template can be used (without substitution).

New stub categories

The name of the stub category should also have been decided during the proposal process and will also follow the naming guidelines.

The text of a stub category should contain a definition of what type of stubs are contained in it and an indication of what template is used to add stubs to it. The {{WPSS-cat}} template should also be placed on the category, to indicate that it has been created after debate at Wikipedia: WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals. The new stub category should also be added to the Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types list.

The new stub category should be correctly added into other categories. These should include at least three specific categories:

• The analogous permanent category ("permcat")
• At least one higher level ("parent") stub category
• Category:Stub categories

Thus, for example, Category:France stubs, should be in an equivalent permcat (Category:France), parent stub category (Category:Europe stubs), and Category:Stub categories.

The creation of stub categories can be partially automated by using {{Stub category}} as follows:

{{Stub category|article=[[A]]|newstub=B|category=C}}

A: Insert the description of the category here.

B: Insert the name of the new stub template here.

C: Insert the name of an appropriate parent non-stub category.

In the example given above, the formatting would look like this:

{{Stub category|article=[[France]]|newstub=France-stub|category=France}} which would produce this:

This category is for stub articles relating to France. You can help by expanding them.
To add an article to this category, use Cithakan:Tl2 instead of Cithakan:Tl2.

This syntax also automatically adds the new category to Category:Stub categories, though parent stub categories and {{WPSS-cat}} still need to be added manually. It also automatically pipes the stub category with "Σ", so that appears at the end of the list of subcategories in non-stub category C. This effectively moves it away from navigation categories to place it alongside other editing- and cleanup-related categories.

If you have some doubts or comments regarding any part of the process, do not hesitate to address them at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Stub sorting.

Stubbing existing articles

On occasion, an article may have significant problems that create opportunities to remove most of its content. This may be done in response to an article that is heavily biased, either for or against its subject; in response to an article that has some verifiable material but is otherwise full of original research, self-published, or primary sources; in response to an OTRS complaint; or a variety of other reasons.

If enough content is removed that all that remains is a stub, a stub template should be added to the article, if it does not already have one.

Stub types, WikiProjects, and assessment templates

This stub needs expansion.

When a new WikiProject commences, one of the first things its creators often do is decide whether or not a specific stub type should be created for it. Often there is no real problem, as WikiProject topics frequently coincide with subjects of specific stub types. On other occasions, there will be no specific stub type, and thus a new type should be proposed.

Occasionally, a WikiProject will seek to have a stub type which runs contrary to the way stubs are normally split, and this can create conflict between that project and WikiProject Stub sorting, or, more importantly, between that one stub type and one or more other stub types. Even where there is an existing stub type, there may be conflict, as often the definition of a topic as used for stub sorting may not be identical to that used by its specific WikiProject. It should be remembered in cases like this that, while a specific WikiProject may be looking for a solution for its concerns, WikiProject Stub sorting is attempting to make a coherent and cohesive system that works for all editors. The system needs to be as compatible as possible with the needs of all WikiProjects, and also with the needs of casual editors who are not part of any WikiProject.

Assessment templates are a way around this problem, and more often than not a far more useful tool for WikiProjects. Assessment templates have several distinct advantages over stub types for WikiProjects. The templates are placed on article talk pages, where they are less likely to be seen as controversial (the placing of stub templates on controversial articles has frequently been a source of edit warring). They allow all articles within a topic area to be assessed and catalogued by a related project – not just stub articles. They allow an indication to be made of exactly what work needs to be done on an article. They also allow workgroups that are subgroups of WikiProjects to have their own specific templates that are better suited to their tasks.

Tools

Several tools are available for helping to locate and sort stubs, including AutoWikiBrowser.

See also

• Wikipedia:A3, a speedy deletion criterion for very short stub articles
• Wikipedia:Stub Makers
• List of stub templates (or the easier-to-load list of subpages here)
• Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists
• Wikipedia:Requested articles
• Wikipedia:Most wanted articles
• Wikipedia:When to use the generic stub tag
• Wikipedia:Writing better articles for help expanding stubs.