Pietro Badoglio
Marshal Pietro Badoglio ( palafalan jroning basa Italia: [ˈpjɛːtro baˈdɔʎʎo] ; 28 September 1871 - 1 November 1956), iku sawijining jenderal Italia nalika Perang Donya lan pamimpin pertama Afrika Wétan Italia.[1] Kanthi tiba ing rezim Fascist ing Italia, dheweke dadi Nayakotama Italia .
| The 1st Duke of Addis Abeba | |
| |
Prime Minister of Italy ke-28th
| |
|---|---|
| Mangsa jabatan 25 July 1943 – 8 June 1944 | |
| Monark | Vittorio Emanuele III |
| Didhisiki déning | Benito Mussolini |
| Diganti déning | Ivanoe Bonomi |
| Mangsa jabatan 11 February 1944 – 8 June 1944 | |
| Didhisiki déning | Raffaele Guariglia |
| Diganti déning | Ivanoe Bonomi |
| Mangsa jabatan 11 February 1944 – 8 June 1944 | |
| Didhisiki déning | Melchiade Gabba |
| Diganti déning | Ivanoe Bonomi |
| Mangsa jabatan 9 May 1936 – 11 June 1936 | |
| Monark | Vittorio Emanuele III |
| Didhisiki déning | Positions established |
| Diganti déning | Rodolfo Graziani |
Commissary of the Italian East Africa
| |
| Masa jabatan 28 November 1935 – 9 May 1936 | |
| Didhisiki déning | Emilio De Bono |
| Diganti déning | Position abolished |
Commissary of Eritrea
| |
| Masa jabatan 22 November 1935 – 9 May 1936 | |
| Didhisiki déning | Emilio De Bono |
| Diganti déning | Alfredo Guzzoni |
Commissary of Tripolitania and Cirenaica
| |
| Masa jabatan 24 January 1929 – 31 December 1933 | |
| Didhisiki déning | Emilio De Bono (Tripolitania) Attilio Teruzzi (Cyrenaica) |
| Diganti déning | Italo Balbo (Governor of Libia) |
| Miyos | 28 Sèptèmber 1871 Grazzano Monferrato, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy |
| Tilar donya | 1 Novèmber 1956 (umur 85) Grazzano Badoglio, Piedmont, Italy |
| Kabangsan | Italian |
| Partai pulitik | Independent |
| Garwa | Sofia Valania (1884–1942) |
Biyografi lan karir awal besut
Badoglio lair ing taun 1871. Bapanipun, Mario Badoglio, minangka pemilik dhasar, lan ibunipun, Antonietta Pittarelli, minangka latar belakang borjuis ingkang sugih. Tanggal 5 Oktober 1888 dheweke diakoni dening Royal Military Academy ing Turin . Piyambakipun pikantuk pangkat Lètnan II ing taun 1890. Taun 1892, dheweke rampung sinau lan dipromosekake dadi Letnan.
Sasampunipun sinau, panjenenganipun nyambut damel ing Tentara Italia wiwit taun 1892, nalika wiwitanipun minangka Letnan ( Tenente ) ing artileri, ngasta perang awal kolonial Italia ing Eritrea (1896), lan ing Libya (1912).
Perang Donya I besut
Ing awal pamerintahan Italia ing Perang Donya I, panjenenganipun minangka Kolonel Letnan ( Tenente Colonnello ); piyambakipun mundur dados pangkat Mayor Jenderal sasampunipun penanganan panangkaran Monte Sabotino ing wulan Mei 1916 lan pungkasanipun wulan 1917, sakmenika sampun dados Letnan Jenderal, dipunangkat minangka Wakil Kepala Staf ( Sottocapo di Stato Maggiore ) senadyan dadi salah sawijining sing utama sing tanggung jawab kanggo bencana iki sajrone Pertempuran Caporetto tanggal 24 Oktober 1917.
Wiwit Pertempuran Caporetto, senadyan dheweke disalahake ing maneka warna papan kanggo papréntahan pasukan miturut komando sadurunge perang, komisi penyelidikan ditolak paling akeh kritik sing ditindakake.[2] Ing taun sawisé Perang Dunia I ing période sing dianakaké sawatara jabatan tinggi ing Tentara Italia, Badoglio mènèhi upaya sing rapi kanggo modifikasi dokumen resmi kanggo ndhelikaké perané ing kekalahan kasebut.[3]
Tilar Donya besut
Amarga tambah ketegangan karo Uni Soviet, pamaréntah Inggris nyumurupi Badoglio minangka penjamin saka negara anti-komunis pasca perang. Akibaté, Badoglio ora tau nyoba kanggo nindakake kejahatan perang Italia ing Afrika.[4][5][6]
Badoglio tilar donya ing Grazzano Badoglio tanggal 1 November 1956.[1]
Ndeleng ugo besut
Kapustakaan besut
- Pietro Badoglio: Italy in the Second World War, memories and documents. (Transl.: Muriel Currey). Oxford University Press, 1948. Repr. 1976, Greenwood Press: ISBN 0-8371-8485-1
- Pietro Badoglio: The war in Abyssinia. (Foreword: Benito Mussolini). London, Methuen Publishers, 1937.
Rujukan besut
- ↑ a b "Pietro Badoglio". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ Cithakan:Cite EB1922
- ↑ Quirico, Domenico (2006). "I vinti". Generali. Mondadori.
- ↑ Pedaliu, Effie G. H. (1 January 2004). "Britain and the 'Hand-over' of Italian War Criminals to Yugoslavia, 1945–48". Journal of Contemporary History. 39 (4): 503–529. JSTOR 4141408. Special Issue: Collective Memory.
- ↑ Conti, Davide (2011). "Criminali di guerra Italiani". Odradek Edizioni. Dibukak ing 2012-10-14.
- ↑ Di Sante, Costantino (2005) Italiani senza onore: I crimini in Jugoslavia e i processi negati (1941–1951) Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine., Ombre Corte, Milano. ()
Wacan lianne besut
- Italian Defence Minister website official biography of Pietro Badoglio as Chief of the General Staff
- Armellini, Quirino, and Pietro Badoglio. Con Badoglio in Etiopia, Etc. 1937. OCLC 556812967
- Bertoldi, Silvio. Badoglio. Milano: Rizzoli, 1982. OCLC 9862086
- De Luna, Giovanni. Badoglio: Un Militaire al Potere. Milan: Bompiani, 1974. For English translation, see OCLC 883962565.
- Whittam, John. The Politics of the Italian Army, 1861–1918. London: Croom Helm, 1977. ISBN 0-208-01597-3 OCLC 2373034
- Del Boca, Angelo. La guerra d'Etiopia. L'ultima impresa del colonialismo. Milan: Longanesi, 2010. ISBN 978-88304-2716-7.
Pranala njaba besut
| Jabatan militèr | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kang sadurungé Armando Diaz |
Chief of Staff of the Italian Army 1919–1921 |
Kang sawisé Giuseppe Vaccari |
| Chief of the Defence Staff 1925–1940 |
Kang sawisé Ugo Cavallero | |
| Jabatan pamaréntahan | ||
| Kang sadurungé Emilio De Bono as Commissary of Tripolitania |
Commissary of Tripolitania and Cirenaica 1929–1933 |
Kang sawisé Italo Balbo as Governor of Libia |
| Kang sadurungé Attilio Teruzzi as Commissary of Cyrenaica | ||
| Kang sadurungé Emilio De Bono |
Commissary of Eritrea 1935–1936 |
Kang sawisé Alfredo Guzzoni |
| Commissary of the Italian East Africa 1935–1936 | ||
| Viceroy of the Italian East Africa Viceroy of Ethiopia 1936 |
Kang sawisé Rodolfo Graziani | |
| Kang sadurungé Melchiade Gabba |
Minister of the Italian Africa 1944 |
Kang sawisé Ivanoe Bonomi |
| Kang sadurungé Raffaele Guariglia |
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1944 | |
| Kang sadurungé Guglielmo Marconi |
President of the National Research Council 1937–1941 |
Kang sawisé Giancarlo Vallauri |
| Kalungguhan pulitik | ||
| Kang sadurungé Benito Mussolini |
Head of the Fascist Grand Council 1943 | |
| Prime Minister of Italy 1943–1944 |
Kang sawisé Ivanoe Bonomi | |
| Bangsawan Italia | ||
| Sesebutan anyar | Duke of Addis Abeba 1936–1956 |
Kang sawisé Pietro Badoglio, 2nd Duke of Addis Abeba |