Gedhong Empire State
Empire State Building utawa Gedhong Empire State yaiku sawijining gedhong pancakar langit tingkat 102 kang dumunung ing Midtown Manhattan, New York City, ing prasimpangan saka Fifth Avenue lan West 34th Street. Wangunan iki nduweni dhuwur tumeka pucuk yaiku 381 meter. Yen digabungké karo menara antenané, dhuwuré wangunan bisa ngrambah 443,2 m. Jenengé dijupuk saka julukane Kutha New York, yaiku Empire State. Empire State Building dadi wangunan paling dhuwur ing donya kang séwéne 40 taun, wiwit dibangun saka taun 1931 nganti rampuége Menara sisih Lor World Trade Center ing taun 1972. Post-September 11 serangan ing taun 2001, Empire State Building dadi wangunan paling dhuwur manèh ing New York (ora ing Amerika Serikat utawa donya).
| Empire State Building | |
|---|---|
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| Record height | |
| Tallest in the world from 1931 to 1972[I] | |
| Sadurungé | Chrysler Building |
| Sawisé | Menara Kembar World Trade Center |
| Tetélan pokok | |
| Jinis | Perkantoran, observasi |
| Pernah | 350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10118[1] Amerika Serikat |
| Koordhinat | 40°44′54.36″N 73°59′08.36″W / 40.7484333°N 73.9856556°WKoordhinat: 40°44′54.36″N 73°59′08.36″W / 40.7484333°N 73.9856556°W[2] |
| Diyasa kawit | 1929[3] |
| Rampung | 1931 |
| Cost | $40.948.900[4] |
| Management | W&H Properties |
| Height | |
| Architectural | 1,250 ft (381.0 m)[5][6] |
| Tip | 1,454 ft (443.2 m)[6] |
| Roof | 1,250 ft (381.0 m) |
| Top floor | 1,224 ft (373.1 m)[6] |
| Observatory | 1,224 ft (373.1 m)[6] |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 102[6] |
| Floor area | 2,248,355 sq ft (208,879 m2)[6] |
| Lifts/elevators | 73[6] |
| Rancangan lan yasan | |
| Arsitèk | Shreve, Lamb and Harmon |
| Developer | John J. Raskob |
| Structural engineer | Homer Gage Balcom[7] |
| Main contractor | Starrett Brothers and Eken |
| Cithakan:Infobox NRHP | |
| References | |
| [6][8][9] | |
Empire State Building dadi simbol kabudayané Amerika Serikat. Wangunan iki dirancang klawan gaya Art Deco lan diarani minangka salah siji saka Pitu Kaajaiban Donya Modhèrn déning American Society of Civil Engineers. Wangunan lan interior jubin tingkat ngisor iki ditetepaké minangka landmark déning New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission lan New York City Board of Estimate.[10] Wangunan iki ditetepaké minangka National Historic Landmark ing taun 1986.[11][12] Ing taun 2007, Empire State Building, manggon ing urutan nomer siji ing dhaptar arsitèktur favorit ing Amèrika Sarékat miturut AIA.
Wangunan iki diduwèni déning 2,800 investor sing nggabung ing Empire State Building Associates L. L. C.[13] Empire State Building saiki nembé dibenakaké utawa rénovasi kang akèhe ragadé yaiku $550 yuta. $120 yuta gedhéné ragad iku mau kanggo ngowahi wangunan iki supaya dadi luwih ngirit utawa hemat énèrgi lan ramah lingkungan.[14] Setelan nampa pambiji emas saka Kepemimpinan ing Energi lan Lingkungan Desain (LEED) ing September 2011, Empire State Building, kang dadi wangunan kang disertifikasi LEED paling dhuwur ing Amèrika Sarékat.[15]
Panyewa utama
besutDeleng uga
besut- Wangunan dhaftar 100-crita utawa luwih
- Dhaftar wangunan paling dhuwur ing donya
- Dhaftar wangunan paling dhuwur miturut negara pérangan AS.
- Pancakar langit
Rujukan
besut- ↑ The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10118 is assigned as the building's own zip code. Source: USPS.
- ↑ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
- ↑ Masalah sitiran: Tenger
<ref>ora trep; ora ana tèks tumrap refs kanthi jenengEnc-NY-ESB - ↑ Masalah sitiran: Tenger
<ref>ora trep; ora ana tèks tumrap refs kanthi jenengcost - ↑ ESBNYC.com
- ↑ a b c d e f g h "Empire State Building - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
- ↑ "Homer G. Balcom, Engineer, Is Dead". The New York Times. July 5, 1938. Dibukak ing August 8, 2011.
- ↑ "Empire State Building". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 11, 2007. Diarsip saka asliné ing 2011-08-28.
- ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Januari 23, 2007.
- ↑ Cithakan:Cite AIA4 p.226.
- ↑ Pitts, Carolyn (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark Nomination. National Park Service.
- ↑ "Empire State Building—Accompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. April 26, 1985.
- ↑ "Empire State Building Associates L.L.C. – Empire State Building". SEC.gov. Dibukak ing December 6, 2012.
- ↑ "2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo — Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?" (PDF). Dibukak ing October 11, 2010.
- ↑ "Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold Certification | Inhabitat New York City". Inhabitat.com. Dibukak ing October 12, 2011.
Pranala njaba
besut- esbnyc.com, the building's official website
- Empire State Building on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
- Film footage of the construction of the Empire State Building, 1930
- Hearst Magazines (1930-12). Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. kc. 920.
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- Empire State Building Green Retrofit
- Empire State Building Trivia
- Empire State Building Information
- The Construction of the Empire State Building, 1930–1931, New York Public Library
- VIVA2 – Online archive of over 500 construction photographs
- Gedhong Empire State in the Structurae database
- Streetscapes: The Empire State Building — slideshow by The New York Times