James T. Rapier

James Thomas Rapier (lair ing Florence, Alabama, 13 Novèmber 1837 – pati ing Montgomery, Alabama, 31 Mèi 1883 ing umur 45 taun) yaiku pulitikus Afrika-Amerika asal Alabama ing Era Rekonstruksi. Ia ngejabat minangka anggota DPR Amerika Sarekat saka Alabama, ing siji masa jabatan saka 1873 nganti 1875. Lair merdika ing Alabama, ia lumebu perguruan tinggi lan entuk gelar hukum ing Sekotlan lan Kanadha sadurunge kerja ing Tennessee.^[1]

Referensi

↑ Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed., Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era (1982), pp. 79-100.

Wacaan tambahan

Bailey, Richard. They Too Call Alabama Home: African American Profiles, 1800-1999. Montgomery: Pyramid Publishing, 1999.
Feldman, Eugene. Black Power in Old Alabama: The Life and Stirring Times of James T. Rapier, Afro-American Congressman from Alabama, 1839-1883. Chicago: Museum of African American History, 1968.
Feldman, E. "James T. Rapier: Negro Congressman from Alabama." Phylon Quarterly 19 (4th Quarter, 1958): 417-423.
Freeman, Thomas J. The Life of James T. Rapier. M. A. Thesis, Auburn University, 1959
Foner, Eric. Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders during Reconstruction., (Baton Rouge: LSU Press: 1996) second edition. ISBN 0-8071-2082-0
Franklin, John Hope. A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Antebellum North (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976)
Logan, Rayford W. and Michael R. Winston, Dictionary of American Negro Biography (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1982)
Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed., Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), pp. 79–100.
Ragsdale, Bruce A. and Joel D. Treese, Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990).
Schweninger, Loren. James T. Rapier and Reconstruction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978)
Schweninger, L. "James Rapier and the Negro Labor Movement, 1869-1872," Alabama Review 28 (July 1975): 185-201.
"James Thomas Rapier" in Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. Prepared under the direction of the Committee on House Administration by the Office of History & Preservation, U. S. House of Representatives. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2008

Pranala jaba

Congressional biography
James T. Rapier's June 9, 1874 Speech on the Civil Rights Bill
John Hope Franklin, "1979 presidential address to the American Historical Association" Archived 2013-09-12 at the Wayback Machine., discusses Walter F. Fleming's representation of Congressman James T. Rapier as a "carpetbagger"
James T. Rapier ing Find a Grave

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat
Kang sadurungé Charles Waldron Buckley	Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat A.S. saka daerah pemilihan kongres ping 2 Alabama 4 Maret 1873 – 3 Maret 1875	Kang sawisé Jeremiah Norman Williams

[1] Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed., Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era (1982), pp. 79-100.

[1]