Kakaisaran Mughal
Kakaisaran Mughal (1526–1857), utawa dikenal uga kanthi sebutan Kasultanan Mughal, Mogul utawa Gurkani. iku nagara kang pernah nguwasani wiwit Afganistan, Baluchistan lan India. Kasultanan iki diadegaké ing taun 1526 déning Babur, salah suwijine panguasa saka dinasti Timuriyah, nalika ngalahake Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan Delhi pungkasan ing Pertempuran Panipat I.
| Kakaisaran Mughal | |||||
| گورکانیان مغلیہ سلطنت | |||||
| Kakaisaran | |||||
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 Segel Kakaisaran
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.svg) Peta Globe Kakaisaran Mughal taun 1707
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 Wilayah Kakaisaran Mughal, ing taun 1700-an Masehi.
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| Kutha krajan | Agra (1526–1540; 1555–1571;1598–1648) Kabul (1526–1681) Fatehpur Sikri (1571–1585) Lahore (1540–1555;1585–1598) Shahjahanabad, Delhi (1648–1857) | ||||
| Basa | Persia (basa pengadilan lan resmi)[1] Turki Chagatai (mung watara) Urdu (pungkasan) Arab | ||||
| Agama | Islam Sunni (1526–1857) Din-i-Ilahi (1582–1605) | ||||
| Pamaréntahan | Monarki absolut, nagara kasatuan struktur federal | ||||
| Kaisar (Badshah)[2] | |||||
| • | 1526–1530 | Babur (pertama) | |||
| • | 1837–1857 | Bahadur Shah II (pungkasan) | |||
| Jaman sajarah | Periode modern awal | ||||
| • | Pertempuran Panipat Pertama | 21 April 1526 | |||
| • | Kakaisaran dikuwasani Sur | 1540-1555 | |||
| • | Wafat Aurangzeb | 3 Maret 1707 | |||
| • | Invasi Nader Shah | 1738–1740 | |||
| • | Perang Karnatik | 1746–1763 | |||
| • | Pertempuran Plassey | 1757 | |||
| • | Pertempuran Bengal | 1756-1765 | |||
| • | Pemberontakan ing India 1857 | 21 September 1857 | |||
| Laladan | |||||
| • | 1700 | 4,200,000 km2 (1,600,000 sq mi) | |||
| Cacah wong | |||||
| • | Étungan 1700 | 150.000.000 | |||
| Pepadhetan | 36/km2 (92/sq mi) | ||||
| Valutah | Rupee | ||||
| Saiki dadi péranganing |  Afghanistan Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan
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Ing sangisore Akbar agung, kasultanan tuwuh kanthi cepet, lan terus ngrembaka nganti pungkasane Aurangzeb. Sawisé Aurangzeb séda ing taun 1707, kesultanan wiwit ngalami kamundhuran, sanajan isih tetep kuwasa nganti 150 taun sabanjuré. Kasultanan Mughal kudu ngadhepi musuh saka Sikh lan Maratha. Ugo diterusake naliko Eropa wiwitan melu nguwasani Mughal.
Sak wise iku Nagara-nagara Eropa wis nggawe kamitraan dagang sing kompetitif lan wiwit mbentuk koloni sing kuwat, kayata EIC, Prancis, Walanda lan Portugal, nganti pungkasane Kakaisaran Inggris mbubarake lan mungkasi Kasultanan Mughal ing taun 1857 sawise kraman sepoy ing India.[3]
Pratélan Badshah (Kaisar)
besut| Asma Lenggah | Asma Timur | Mréntah |
|---|---|---|
| Bābur | Zahir-ud-din Muhammad | 30 April 1526 – 26 Desember 1530 |
| Humayun | Nasir-ud-din Muhammad | 26 Desember 1530 – 17 Mei 1540
22 Februari 1555 – 27 Januari 1556 |
| Akbar-e-Azam | Jalal-ud-din Muhammad | 27 Januari 1556 – 27 Oktober 1605 |
| Jahangir | Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim | 15 Oktober 1605 – 8 November 1627 |
| Shah-Jahan-e-Azam | Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram | 8 November 1627 – 2 Agustus 1658 |
| Alamgir | Muhy-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb | 31 Juli 1658 – 3 Maret 1707 |
| Azam Shah | Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam | 14 Maret 1707 – 8 Juni 1707 |
| Bahadur Shah | Qutb ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam | 19 Juni 1707 – 27 Februari 1712 |
| Jahandar Shah | Ma'az-ud-Din Jahandar Shah Bahadur | 27 Februari 1712 – 11 Februari 1713 |
| Farrukhsiyar | Muin ud-din Muhammad | 11 Januari 1713 – 28 Februari 1719 |
| Rafi ud-Darajat | Rafi ud-Darajat | 28 Februari – 6 Juni 1719 |
| Shah Jahan II | Rafi ud-Daulah | 6 Juni 1719 – 19 September 1719 |
| Muhammad Shah | Roshan Akhtar Bahadur | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 |
| Ahmad Shah Bahadur | Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 26 April 1748 – 2 Juni 1754 |
| Alamgir II | Aziz-ud-din | 2 Juni 1754 – 29 November 1759 |
| Shah Jahan III | Muhi-ul-millat | 10 Desember 1759 – 10 Oktober 1760 |
| Shah Alam II | Ali Gauhar | 24 Desember 1759 – 19 November 1806 |
| Akbar Shah II | Mirza Akbar | 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 |
| Bahadur Shah II | Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar | 28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 |
Pamerangan administrasi
besutRolas subah (Provinsi) asli digawe minangka asil reformasi administratif dening Akbar:
- Agra Subah
- Ajmer Subah
- Awadh Subah
- Bengal Subah
- Bihar Subah
- Delhi Subah
- Gujarat Subah
- Kabul Subah
- Allahabad Subah
- Lahore Subah
- Malwa Subah
- Multan Subah
Provinsi liyane kang digawe utowo dimekarke sak wise taun 1595
| Subah | Ibukota | Taun digawe | Kaisar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | Berar Subah | Ellichpur | 1596 | Akbar |
| 14 | Khandesh Subah | Burhanpur | 1601 | |
| 15 | Ahmadnagar Subah
(ganti jeneng Daulatabad taun1636) (saiki dadi Aurangabad) |
Ahmadnagar (1601–1636)
Daulatabad Aurangabad |
1601 (purnayudha 1636) | |
| 16 | Orissa Subah | Cuttack | Shah Jahan | |
| 17 | Kashmir Subah | Srinagar | ||
| 18 | Thatta Subah | Thatta | ||
| Qandahar Subah | Qandahar | 1638 (uwal 1648) | ||
| Telangana Subah | Nanded | 1636 (gabung karo Bidar 1657) | ||
| Balkh Subah | Balkh | 1646 (uwal 1647) | ||
| Badakhshan Subah | Qunduz | 1646 (uwal 1647) | ||
| 19 | Bidar Subah | Bidar | 1656 | |
| 20 | Bijapur Subah | Bijapur | 1684 | Aurangzeb |
| 21 | Golkonda Subah (Haidarabad) | Hyderabad | 1687 | |
| 22 | Sira Subah | Sira | 1687 | |
| 23 | Arcot Subah | Gingee | 1692 |
Rujukan
besut- ↑ Conan, Michel (2007). Middle East Garden Traditions: Unity and Diversity : Questions, Methods and Resources in a Multicultural Perspective, Volume 31. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. kc. 235. ISBN 978-0-88402-329-6.
- ↑ [Volume 34 Publisher Printed for Sir Richard Phillips, 1812 Original from Harvard University
- ↑ Company., Rand McNally and (1997), Atlas of world history., Rand McNally, OCLC 40564439, dibukak ing 2022-09-12