Wikipédia

Nagara Wa

(Kaelih saka Nagari Wa)

Nagara Wa (Wa: Mēng Vax utawa Meung Va; Basa Cina: 佤邦, pinyin: Wǎ Bāng; Basa Myanmar: ဝပြည်နယ်; Basa Jawa: ꧋ꦟꦒꦫꦮ꧉) ya iku sawijining negara kang ora misuwur ing Myanmar lan saiki ing ngisoré pangawasan Wilayah Khusus Wa 2 laladan Shan Lor.[3][4] Ibukutha negara iki ing Pangkham (Basa Cina: 邦康, pinyin: Bāngkāng, mbiyen jenengé Panghsang, 邦桑). Jeneng Wa dijupuk saka kelompok etnis Wa, singdadi panyatur basa Austrosiatik.

Negara Wa
Mēng Vax
Sawijining gendera horizontal telung werna (biru, abang, biru) kanthi bintang putih pucuk sanga ing tengah.
Gendéra
Negara Wa, sing diklaim UWSA (ijo), lan Myanmar (abu-abu tuwa).
Negara Wa, sing diklaim UWSA (ijo),
lan Myanmar (abu-abu tuwa).
Kuthagara
lan Kutha paling gedhé
Pangkham
22°10′N 99°11′E / 22.167°N 99.183°E / 22.167; 99.183
BasaWa; Basa Cina
Budayawangsa
Wa
PapréntahanNegara partai tunggal
• Presiden
Bao Youxiang (Tax Log Pang)[1]
Xiao Minliang[2]
Mardika saka Myanmar
• Deklarasi
17 April 1989
• Diperintah sacara rasmi dening Divisi Otonomi Wa
20 Agustus 2010
• Pangakuan
Pangakuan Diplomatik
• Banyu (%)
diabaikan
Population
• Pikira-kira
558,000[butuh sitiran]
• Ketebdunung
32.8/km2 (85.0/sq mi)
ArtacihnaRenminbi
Laladan wektuUTC+06:30
Nyetir ingtengen
Kodhé bèl+95 73

Mayoritas wong Wa nganut kepracayan animisme. Ana sing agamané Kristen utawa Buddha, tapi jumlahé sithik. Biyen Wa dijuluki "Wa Liar" karo Tentara Inggris amarga akehe tukang paten wong.[5]

Pulitik lan Masarakat besut

Negara Wa dipérang dumadi wilayah lor lan kidul kang kapisah siji lan sijine. Ing sisih kidul jembar laladané udakaral 13.000 km persegi (5.000 mil persegi) kang watesan karo Thailand lan dumadi 200.000 cacah jiwa.[6] Gunggung laladan Nagara Wa ya iku 17,000 km2 (6,600 sq mi). Tokoh pulitik nagara iki akèh-akèhé saka Wong Wa. Pamaréntah Wa nganggo sistem pulitik kaya Nagara Cina, ya iku nduwéni partai tunggal (Partai Persatuan Nagari Wa) lan komité sentral. Sacara de facto, Nagara Wa iku laladan swatantra (daerah otonom) saka Myanmar,[7][8] sesambetan Myanmar lan Wa didasarké ing koeksistensi damai, ya iku Wa ngakoni pamaréntah pusat ngatur sekabehané nagara Myanmar.[6]

Basa kerja ing Negara Wa ya iku Basa Cina.[9][10][11] Basa Mandarin kidul-kulon lan Basa Wa dinggo basa padinan, nanging ing sekolahan, basa sing digunaaké yaku Basa Mandarin Standar. Giyaran TV ing nagara iki migunakaké Basa Mandarin Standar lan Basa Wa. Komoditas nagara iki sakèhé didol menyang Cina. Ing nagara iki Renminbi ditetepaké minangka mata uang. China Mobile dhuwéni jangkauan sinyal ing pirang-pirang papan ing negara Wa..[6]

Subdivisi besut

Nagara Wa nduwéni 15 distrik.

  • Dhistrik Yiang Chen
  • Dhistrik Nawi
  • Dhistrik Gong Ming Shan
  • Dhistrik Gelong Ba
  • Dhistrik Kun Ma
  • Dhistrik Wang Len
  • Dhistrik Lien He
  • Dhistrik Yin Pan
  • Dhistrik Pang Yang
  • Dhistrik Ting Aw
  • Dhistrik Weng Kao
  • Dhistrik Pangh Sang
  • Dhistrik Mong Pawk
  • Dhistrik Mong Ngen
  • Dhistrik Hotao

Géografi besut

 
Peta Negara Wa

Negara iki wujudé gunung-gunung, kanthi èrèngan kang jero. Titik ngisor dhéwé udakara 600 meter saka dhuwuré permukaan sagara, kanthi titik dhuwur dhéwé luwih saka 3000 meter. Wiwitané, Nagara Wa gantungké marang prodhuksi opium.[12] Kanthi sengkuyungan saka Cina, Negara Wa wiwit nganakaké nandur karet lan teh.[13] Nagara iki ngolah 220.000 hektar karet.[14] Amargi urbanisasi saka pucuk gunung menyang dataran kang gembur,[15] pungkasané warga uga nandur jagung, pari, lan sayur-sayuran. Puluhan warga mati amargi kecilakan saka munggah gunung.[14] Nagara Wa sacara ékonomi gumantung marang Cina, amarga njurung sacara finansial lan nekakaké penasihat militer lan gaman.[16][17] Negara iki nduwéni wates karo Cina dawané 82 mil (133 km).[18]

Rujukan besut

Sitiran besut

  1. ↑ "Archived copy". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2013-10-13. Dibukak ing 2015-12-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Quote: "Officially, Bao Youxiang is still the President of the Wa State Government and Commander-in-Chief of the United Wa State Army," said a Thai security officer, a ten-year veteran on the Thai-Burma border
  2. ↑ "A United Wa State Army (UWSA) delegation led by Vice President Xiao Minliang, Bao Youliang and Zhao Guo-ang left Panghsang for Lashio today". democracy for burma. Dibukak ing 29 Novèmber 2014.
  3. ↑ 2004-12-29, 佤帮双雄 Archived 2005-05-25 at the Wayback Machine., Phoenix TV
  4. ↑ Soldiers of Fortune Archived 2013-08-24 at the Wayback Machine., Time Magazine. Quote: In return for keeping the peace, the UWSA was given full autonomy over what the regime termed "Special Region No. 2," which Bao christened "Wa state."
  5. ↑ "Headhunting days are over for Myanmar's "Wild Wa"", Reuters, Sep 10, 2007.
  6. ↑ a b c 2011-10-13, 缅甸佤邦竟然是一个山寨版的中国 Archived 2016-11-26 at the Wayback Machine., 军情观察
  7. ↑ 2009年9月, 不透明さ増すミャンマー情勢:2010年総選挙に向けて Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine., IDE-JETRO
  8. ↑ 2011年11月15日, 地図にない街、ワ州潜入ルポが凄い『独裁者の教養』, エキサイトレビュー
  9. ↑ Interactive Myanmar Map Archived 2013-07-08 at the Wayback Machine., The Stimson Center
  10. ↑ Wa Archived 2013-09-15 at the Wayback Machine., Infomekong
  11. ↑ General Background of the Wa. Quote: The official languages (designated by the current UWSP administration) are Mandarin and Wa.
  12. ↑ Die Wa in Gefahr (German)
  13. ↑ "Xinhua General News Service: China develops more substitute crops for opium poppy in bordering countries"
  14. ↑ a b Myanmar's strongest ethnic armed group says drug label 'not fair'
  15. ↑ BURMA NACHRICHTEN 4/2005, 25. Februar (German). Quote: "Angaben der UN-Organisation zur Drogenbekämpfung UNODC und weiterer Beobachter zufolge droht durch die Ausführung des Plans zur Eliminierung des Opiumanbaus bis 2005 eine ernste humanitäre Krise der vom Opiumanbau abhängigen Bauern."
  16. ↑ China remains the UWSA's sole patron and arms supplier Archived 2012-07-17 at Archive.is
  17. ↑ World Politics Watch: On Myanmar-China border, tensions escalate between SPDC, narco-militias – Michael Black
  18. ↑ UWSA Talks Business, Drugs Cooperation with China

Sumber besut

Pranala Jawi besut

Koordhinat: 22°10′N 99°00′E / 22.167°N 99.000°E / 22.167; 99.000

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