Patang laras (Cina Tengahan)

Patang laras kang ana ing guguritan lan carabasawidya Cina (Aksara Kan: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) ya iku patang kêlas laras tradhisiyonal tetembungan Cina. Patang laras iki duwe guna kang penting ing guguritan Cina lan ing pasinau bandhingan kanggo parijinis-parijinis basa Cina ing basawidya Cina tradhisiyonal utawa Kulonan. Laras-laras iki silihsaur karo swarawidya basa Cina Tengahan lan karanan têtêg (平), munggah (上), mangkat (去), lan lumebu (入). Amarga pegat lan gathuking laras ing jaman biyen, ora ana parijinis basa Cina Modheren kang duwe ganep papat larasing basa Cina Tengahan. Ananging, laras-laras iku mau isih kawenehan tandha ing bausastra padhalagu.

Panjlentreh Laras ing Basa Cina Modheren

Panjlentrehaning patang kelas laras ing basa Cina Modheren Saben kelas laras katandha angka urut ① nganti ⑧, miturut pangilone ing basa Cina Tengahan Pungkasan, katurutake karo carawacane nganggo aksara laras kanggo nggambarake konture lan banjur karo wujud angkane

Klumpukan utama	bagakumpukan	parijinis laladan	Kelas laras basa Cina Tengahan Wiwitan														gunggung kelas laras (gunggung laras fonemis)
			꜀平Teteg ꜀①꜁②			꜂上 Munggah ꜂③꜃④			去꜄ Mangkat ⑤꜄⑥꜅				入꜆ Lumebu ⑦꜆⑧꜇
			Wanda onset
			agosa	sagosa		agosa	sagosa		agosa		sagosa		agosa		sagosa
				son	obs		son	obs	tenuis	asp	son	obs	(cendhak)	(dawa)	son	obs
Tuladhajupuk:			花	人	平	考	马	上	去	票	外	大	北	八	入	白
Mandharin	Peycing	Peycing	① ˥ 55	②ʰ ˧˥ 35		③ ˨˩˦ 214		⑤˥˩ 51					(any)§		⑤	②	4
	Ji–Lu	Jinan	① ˨˩˧ 213	②ʰ ˦˨ 42		③ ˥ 55		⑤ ˨˩ 21					①		⑤	②	4
	Jiao–Liao	Dalian	①	②ʰ		③		⑤					③		⑤	②	4
	Zhongyuan(Central Plain)	Syi'an	① ˧˩ 31	②ʰ ˨˦ 24		③ ˦˨ 42		⑤ ˥ 55					①			②	4
		Dungan	① ˨˦ 24			③ ˥˩ 51		⑤ ˦ 44					①			③	3
	Lan–Yin	Lanzhou	① ˧˩ 31	②ʰ ˥˧ 53		③ ˦˦˨ 442		⑤ ˩˧ 13								②	4
		Yinchuan	①	③				⑤									3
	Kidulkulon	Chengdu	① ˥ 5	②ʰ ˨˩ 21		③ ˦˨ 42		⑤ ˨˩˧ 213					②				4
		Luzhou	① ˥ 5	②ʰ ˨˩ 21		③ ˦˨ 42		⑤ ˩˧ 13					⑦ˀ ˧ 3				5
	Jiang–Huai	Nanjing	① ˧˩ 31	②ʰ ˩˧ 13		③ ˨˩˨ 212		⑤ ˦ 44					⑦ˀ ˥ 5				5 (4)
		Nantong	① 35	②ʰ 21		③ 55		⑥	⑤ 213		⑥ 42		⑦ˀ 55ʔ		⑧ˀ 42ʔ		7 (5)
Jin	Bingzhou	Taiyuan	① ˩ 11			③ ˥˧ 53		⑤ ˦˥ 45					⑦ˀ ˨ 2			⑧ˀ ˥˦54	5 (3)
Ngu	Taihu	Shanghay	① ˥˨ 52	⑥°		⑤	⑥°		⑤ ˧˧˦ 334		⑥° ˩˩˧113		⑦ˀ ˥ 5		⑧ˀ° ˨˧ 23		5 (2)°
		Su-tsêy	① ˦ 44	②° ˨˦ 24		③ ˥˨ 52	⑥°		⑤ ˦˩˨ 412		⑥° ˧˩ 31		⑦ˀ ˦ 4		⑧ˀ° ˨˧ 23		7 (3)°
	Oujiang	Wenzhounese	① ˦ 44	②° ˧˩ 31		③ʔ/④ʔ° ˧˥ 35			⑤ ˥˨ 52		⑥° ˨ 22		⑦/⑧° ˧˨˧ 323				8 (4–6)°
Huizhou	Ji-She	Jixi	① ˧˩ 31	② ˦ 44		③ ˨˩˧ 213			⑤ ˧˥ 35		⑥ ˨ 22		⑦ˀ ˧˨ 32				6 (5)
Syong	New	Changsha	① ˧ 33	② ˩˧ 13		③ ˦˩ 41		⑥	⑤ ˥ 55		⑥ ˨˩ 21		⑦ˀ ˨˦ 24				6 (5)
Kon	Changjing	Nanchang	① ˦˨ 42	⑤	②˨˦24	③ ˨˩˧ 213		⑥	⑤ ˥55	③	⑥ ˨˩ 21		⑦ˀ ˥ 5		⑧ˀ ˨˩ 21		7 (5)
Hagkah	Meizhou	Meixian	① ˦ 44	② ˩ 11		③ ˧˩ 31		⑤ ˥˨ 52					⑦ˀ ˨˩ 21		⑧ˀ ˦ 4		6 (4)
Yüt	Yuehai	Guangzhou	①a ˥ 55 ~①b ˥˧ 53◊	②ʰ ˨˩21~11		③ ˧˥ 35	④ʰ* ˩˧ 13		⑤ ˧ 33		⑥ ˨ 22		⑦aˀ ˥5	⑦bˀ ˧3	⑧ˀ ˨ 2		9~10 (6~7)
		Hong Kong	① ˥ 55	②ʰ ˨˩21~11		③‖ ˨˥ 25	④ʰ*‖ ˨˧ 23		⑤ ˧ 33		⑥ ˨ 22		⑦aˀ ˥5	⑦bˀ ˧3	⑧ˀ ˨ 2		9 (6)
		Shiqi	① ˥ 55	② ˥˩ 51		③ ˩˧ 13			⑤ ˨ 22				⑦aˀ ˥5	⑧ˀ ˨ 2			6 (4)
	Siyi	Taishanese	① ˧ 33	②ʰ? ˩ 11		③ ˥ 55	④ʰ? ˨˩ 21		①		⑥ ˧˨ 32		⑦aˀ ˥5	⑦bˀ ˧3	⑧ˀ ˨˩ 21		8 (5)
	Gou-Lou	Bobai	① ˦ 44	②ʰ? ˨˧ 23		③ ˧ 33	④ʰ? ˦˥ 45		⑤ ˧˨ 32		⑥ ˨˩ 21		⑦aˀ ˥˦54	⑦bˀ ˩1	⑧aˀ˦ 4 (long)	⑧bˀ˧˨ 32 (short)	10 (6)
Pinghua	Southern	Nanning	① ˥˨ 52	②ʰ? ˨˩ 21		③ ˦ 44	④ʰ? ˨˦ 24		⑤ ˥ 55		⑥ ˨ 22		⑦ˀ ˦ 4		⑧aˀ˨˦ 24	⑧bˀ ˨2	9 (6)
Ban	Lor	Jian'ou	① ˥˦ 54	⑤	③ ˨˩ 21				⑤ ˨ 22		⑥ ˦ 44		⑦ˀ ˨˦ 24		⑧ˀ ˦˨ 42		6 (4)
	Wetan	Fuzhou	① ˥ 55	② ˥˧ 53		③ ˧ 33			⑤ ˨˩˧ 213		⑥ ˨˦˨ 242		⑦ˀ ˨˦ 24		⑧ˀ ˥ 5		7 (5)
	Kidul	Amoy	① ˥ 55	② ˧˥ 35		③ ˥˧ 53		③/⑥†	⑤ ˨˩ 21		⑥ ˧ 33		⑦ˀ ˩ 1		⑧ˀ ˥ 5		7 (5)
		Cwancyu	① ˧ 33	② ˨˦ 24		③ ˥ 55	③/④†	④ ˨22	⑤‡ ˦˩ 41		⑥‡ ˦˩ 41		⑦ˀ ˥ 5		⑧ˀ ˨˦ 24		8 (6)
		Teochew	① ˧ 33	② ˥ 55		③ ˥˨ 52	④ ˧˥ 35		⑤ ˨˩˧ 213		⑥ ˩11	④/⑥ǃ	⑦ˀ ˨ 2		⑧ˀ ˦ 4		8 (6)
Cina Vyetnam	Lor	Hanoi	① ˦ 44		②˧˨32	③ ˧˩˨ 312	④˧˨˥325	④/⑥	⑤ ˧˦ 34		⑥ ˨ 22		⑦ ˦˥ 45		⑧ ˨˩ 21		8 (6)
	Central	Hue	① ˥˦˥ 545		②˦˩41	③ ˧˨ 32		③/⑥	⑤ ˨˩˦ 214		⑥ ˧˩ 31		⑦ ˦˧˥ 435		⑧ ˧˩ 31		7 (5)
	Kidul	Saigon	① ˦ 44		②˧˩31	③ ˨˩˦ 214		③/⑥	⑤ ˧˥ 35		⑥ ˨˩˨ 212		⑦ ˦˥ 45		⑧ ˨˩ 21		7 (5)

§ Irregular developmen

Sawang uga

Basa Cina