Toussaint Louverture
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (pocaping cara Prancis: [fʁɑ̃swa dɔminik tusɛ̃ luvɛʁtyʁ]; lair 20 Mèi 1743 – pati 7 April 1803 ing umur 59 taun), uga diarani karo jeneng Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint-Louverture, Toussaint Bréda, lan dijuluki "Napoléon Noir" (Napoleon Ireng),[1][2] yaiku pimpinan Revolusi Haiti. Bakat militer lan pulitikne berhasil ngubah masyarakat budak Saint-Domingue dadi nagara Haiti sing mardika.[3] Keberhasilan Revolusi Haiti ngaguncang institusi perbudhakan ing kabeh Donya Anyar.[4]
| Toussaint Louverture | |
|---|---|
 Lukisan Toussaint Louverture | |
| Lair | 20 Mei 1743 Saint-Domingue |
| Pati | 7 April 1803 (umur 59) Fort-de-Joux, Prancis |
| Jeneng liya | Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda |
| Obahan | Revolusi Haiti |
| Karier militer | |
| [[File:{{{image}}}|frameless|alt=]] | |
| Pangabdian |  Prancis Haiti |
| Dinas/cabang | Angkatan Darat Prancis Angkatan Darat Revolusioner Prancis Angkatan Darat Haiti |
| Pangkat | Jenderal |
| Perang | Revolusi Haiti |
Cathetan sikil
besut- ↑ The Slave Who Defeated Napoleon Archived 2017-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. from History Wiz
- ↑ Taylor, David (2002). "Martini". kc. 95. ISBN 1930603037.
- ↑ Bell, hlm.3–4
- ↑ Matthewson; "Abraham Bishop, "The Rights of Black Men", and the American Reaction to the Haitian Revolution"; The Journal of Negro History, Vol 67, No 2, Summer 1982, hlm.148–154
Pranala jaba
besut| Wikimedia Commons duwé médhia ngenani Toussaint Louverture. |
- Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography and Autobiography by J. R. Beard, 1863
- A section of Bob Corbett's on-line course on the history of Haïti that deals with Toussaint's rise to power.
- The Louverture Project
- Toussaint ing Internet Movie Database
- "Égalité for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution" Archived 2009-10-05 at the Wayback Machine.. Noland Walker. PBS documentary. 2009.
- Spencer Napoleonica Collection Archived 2012-12-05 at Archive.is at Newberry Library
- Black Spartacus Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine. by Anthony Maddalena (Thee Black Swan Theatre Company); a radio play in four parts which tells the story of Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Haitian Slave Uprising of 1791–1803
- Paul Foot on Toussaint Louverture (lecture from 1991)
- Cithakan:Cite Appletons'
- Elliott, Charles Wyllys. St. Domingo, its revolution and its hero, Toussaint Louverture, New York, J. A. Dix, 1855. Manioc
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