Kurdhistan Turki

Kurdhistan Turki utawa Kurdhistan Lor (Kurdhi: Bakurê Kurdistanê‎) ngrujuk marang pérangan saka Turki ing wewengkon Anatolia lan wewengkon Anatolia Kidul-Wétan, papan dedunungé wong-wong Kurdhi minangka golongan ètnis sing dhominan. Kurdish Institute of Paris prakiraan metara yèn ana udakara 20 yuta wong Kurdhi sing manggon ana ing Turki.^[1]

Wong Kurdhi lumrahé nganggep pérangan kidul-wétané Turki minangka salah sawijining pérangan saka Kurdhistan Magung, sing uga dumadi saka pérangan loré Suriah (Rojava utawa Kurdhistan Kulon), Irak sisih lor (Kurdhistan Kidul), lan Iran sisih lor-kulon (Kurdhistan Wétan).^[2]

Istilah Kurdhistan Turki kerep digayutaké lan uga digunakaké ing kontèks nasionalismé Kurdhi sing marakaké istilah kasebut dadi kontrovèrsial ing Turki. Amarga iki, ana ambiguitas bab istilah iki, lan istilah iki dadi nduwèni teges sing béda-béda gumantung karo kontèksé. Istilah iki wis digunakaké ing sawenèh tulisan élmiyah lan médhia warta kanggo ngrujuk wewengkon ing Turki sisih kidul-wétan kanthi populasi wong Kurdhi sing akèh.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Géografi lan ékonomi

Provinsi ing Turki kanthi panutur Basa Kurdhi miturut sènsus taun 1965. Wewengkon aweran ijo tuwa, mayoritas wongé (>50%) nuturaké basa Kurdhi; sing awerna ijo enom, ana sawèneh panutur basa Kurdhi.^[11]^[12]

Miturut Encyclopædia Britannica ana 13 provinsi ing Turki kanthi wong kurdhi minangka mayoritasé: Iğdır, Tunceli, Bingöl, Muş, Ağrı, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Siirt, Bitlis, Van, Şanlıurfa, Mardin, lan Hakkâri.^[13]

Wewengkon iki mujudaké pérangan pinggir kidul-wétané Anatolia. Wewengkon iki duwé iklim kontinèntal — panas ing mangsa panas, lan adhem ing mangsa salju. Sanadyan mangkono, akèh papan sing loh lan wis kasil ngèkspor gandum lan rajakaya marang kutha-kutha liya. Sanadyan mangkono, ing sawenèh papan ing wewengkon iki, akèh padunungé sing padha migrasi marang wewengkon liya ing Turki amarga anané konflik lan uga akèhé wong sing nganggur.^[14]

Sènsus taun 1965: Golongan Ètnis lan Basa

Kurdhistan Turki akèh-akèhé didunungi déning golongan ètnis Kurdhi, karo Turki, Arab, Zaza, lan Suryani minangka golongan minoritas.Cithakan:Better source

Ing sènsus taun 1965, panutur basa Kurdhi dadi cacah jiwa mayoritas ing Ağrı, Batman, Muş, Bingöl, Tunceli, Bitlis, Banjarnegara, Şanlıurfa, Hakkâri, Siirt, Şırnak, lan Van, lan pluralitas ing Diyarbakır.

Wiwit taun 1990-an, imigrasi peksan saka pérangan kidul-wétan njalari akèh wong Kurdhi sing pindhah menyang kutha-kutha liya; kaya ta Istanbul, Ankara lan Izmir.^[15]

Rujukan

↑ The Kurdish Population by the Kurdish Institute of Paris, 2017 estimate. "The territory, which the Kurds call Northern Kurdistan (Kurdistana Bakur), has 14.2 million inhabitants in 2016. According to several surveys, 86% of them are Kurds... So in 2016 there are about 12.2 million Kurds still living in Kurdistan in Turkey. We know that there are also strong Kurdish communities in the big Turkish metropolises like Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Adana and Mersin. The numerical importance of this "diaspora" is estimated according to sources at 7 to 10 million... Assuming an average estimate of 8 million Kurds in the Turkish part of Turkey, thus arrives at the figure of 20 million Kurds in Turkey."
↑ Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland, (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press
↑ de Vos, Hugo; Jongerden, Joost; van Etten, Jacob (2008). "Images of war: Using satellite images for human rights monitoring in Turkish Kurdistan". Disasters. 32 (3): 449–466. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01049.x.
↑ Nevo, E; Beiles, A; Kaplan, D (24 September 1987). "Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild emmer wheat, in Turkey". Heredity. 61: 31-45. doi:10.1038/hdy.1988.88. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.
↑ Van Bruinessen, M (1988). "Between guerrilla war and political murder: The Workers' Party of Kurdistan" (PDF). Middle East Report. 153: 40-50. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.
↑ Deborah, Rund; Tirza, Cohen; Dvora, Filon; Carol, Dowling; Tina, Warren; Igal, Barak; Eliezer, Rachmilewitz; Haig, Kazazian; Ariella, Oppenheim (1991). "Evolution of a genetic disease in an ethnic isolate: beta-thalassemia in the Jews of Kurdistan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (1): 310-314. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (pitulung)|access-date= butuh |url= (pitulung)
↑ van Bruinessen, Martin (1996). "Kurds, Turks and the Alevi revival in Turkey". Middle East Report. 200: 7-10. doi:10.2307/3013260. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.
↑ E. Fuller, Graham (1993). "The Fate of the Kurds". Foreign Affairs. 72 (2): 108-121. doi:10.2307/20045529. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.
↑ MICHAEL, GUNTER (2004). "The Kurdish Question in Perspective". World Affairs. 166 (4): 197-205. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.
↑ Davis, P.H. (1995). "Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey". The Geographical Journal. 122 (2): 156-165. doi:10.2307/1790844.
↑ Heinz Kloss & Grant McConnel, Linguistic composition of the nations of the world, vol,5, Europe and USSR, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1984, ISBN 2-7637-7044-4
↑ Ahmet Buran Ph.D., Türkiye'de Diller ve Etnik Gruplar, 2012
↑ http://global.britannica.com/place/Kurdistan
↑ van Bruinessen, Martin. "Kurdistan." Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World, 2nd edition. Joel Krieger, ed. Oxford University Press, 2001.
↑ "Kurdish identity becomes more acceptable in Turkish society", Al Monitor, 2014

[1] The Kurdish Population by the Kurdish Institute of Paris, 2017 estimate. "The territory, which the Kurds call Northern Kurdistan (Kurdistana Bakur), has 14.2 million inhabitants in 2016. According to several surveys, 86% of them are Kurds... So in 2016 there are about 12.2 million Kurds still living in Kurdistan in Turkey. We know that there are also strong Kurdish communities in the big Turkish metropolises like Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Adana and Mersin. The numerical importance of this "diaspora" is estimated according to sources at 7 to 10 million... Assuming an average estimate of 8 million Kurds in the Turkish part of Turkey, thus arrives at the figure of 20 million Kurds in Turkey."

[2] Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland, (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press

[De_Vos,_Hugo,_Joost_Jongerden,_and_Jacob_Van_Etten.-3] Vos, Hugo; Jongerden, Joost; van Etten, Jacob (2008). "Images of war: Using satellite images for human rights monitoring in Turkish Kurdistan". Disasters. 32 (3): 449–466. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01049.x.

[4] Nevo, E; Beiles, A; Kaplan, D (24 September 1987). "Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild emmer wheat, in Turkey". Heredity. 61: 31-45. doi:10.1038/hdy.1988.88. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.

[5] Van Bruinessen, M (1988). "Between guerrilla war and political murder: The Workers' Party of Kurdistan" (PDF). Middle East Report. 153: 40-50. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.

[6] Deborah, Rund; Tirza, Cohen; Dvora, Filon; Carol, Dowling; Tina, Warren; Igal, Barak; Eliezer, Rachmilewitz; Haig, Kazazian; Ariella, Oppenheim (1991). "Evolution of a genetic disease in an ethnic isolate: beta-thalassemia in the Jews of Kurdistan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (1): 310-314. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (pitulung)|access-date= butuh |url= (pitulung)

[7] van Bruinessen, Martin (1996). "Kurds, Turks and the Alevi revival in Turkey". Middle East Report. 200: 7-10. doi:10.2307/3013260. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.

[8] E. Fuller, Graham (1993). "The Fate of the Kurds". Foreign Affairs. 72 (2): 108-121. doi:10.2307/20045529. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.

[9] MICHAEL, GUNTER (2004). "The Kurdish Question in Perspective". World Affairs. 166 (4): 197-205. Dibukak ing 30 April 2017.

[10] Davis, P.H. (1995). "Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey". The Geographical Journal. 122 (2): 156-165. doi:10.2307/1790844.

[census1965(1)-11] Heinz Kloss & Grant McConnel, Linguistic composition of the nations of the world, vol,5, Europe and USSR, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1984, ISBN 2-7637-7044-4

[census1965(2)-12] Ahmet Buran Ph.D., Türkiye'de Diller ve Etnik Gruplar, 2012

[13] ttp://global.britannica.com/place/Kurdistan

[ocpw-14] van Bruinessen, Martin. "Kurdistan." Oxford Companion to the Politics of the World, 2nd edition. Joel Krieger, ed. Oxford University Press, 2001.

[education-15] "Kurdish identity becomes more acceptable in Turkish society", Al Monitor, 2014

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