Partai pulitik
Parté pulitik iku organisasi pulitik sing ngupaya kanggo nggayuh lan njaga kakuwatan pulitik sajeroning papréntahan, racaké liwat partisipasi sajeroning kampanye pamilihan (umum). Parté-parté kerep ngusung siji ideologi lan visi tartamtu, nanging bisa uga makili siji koalisi warna-warna kapentingan.
Dhéfinisi
besutSajeroning èlmu pulitik ana warna-warna dhéfinisi ngenani parté pulitik. Dhéfinisi kapisan luwih nandhesaké bab institusional yaiku parté minangka organisasi lan fungsiné kanggo kapentingan nasional lan kapartisanan (partisanship). Ing bukuné Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontent, kababar taun 1770, Edmund Burke ngrumusaké dhéfinisi parté pulitik minangka: "siji organisasi sing nyawijèkaké wong-wong kanggo kapentingan nasional, miturut prinsip mligi sing disepakati bebarengan." Ing taun 1816, Benjamin Constant ngrumusaké dhéfinisi ideologi saka parté minangka: kumpulan wong-wong sing duwé dhoktrin pulitik sing padha." Kaum Marxis migunakaké dhéfinisi sing magepokan karo aksioma sèntral doktriné (pulitik minangka perjuangan kelas): "parté pulitik yaiku organisasi saka èlemèn sing paling sadhar bab kelas sosial. Sawisé Perang Donya II, èlmuwan pulitik lan para periset luwih konsèntrasi marang babagan tèknis lan pamilihan. Miturut Anthony Downs, parté pulitik iku "siji tim sing ngupaya kontrol badan papréntahan kanthi kakuwasan sing digayuh saka pamilihan ".[1]
Réferènsi
besut- ↑ Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957).
Bibliografi
besut- Abizadeh, Arash. 2005. "Democratic Elections without Campaigns? Normative Foundations of National Baha'i Elections." World Order Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 7-49.
- Duverger, Maurice. 1954. Political Parties. London: Methuen.
- Gunther, Richard and Larry Diamond. 2003. "Species of Political Parties: A New Typology," Party Politics, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 167–199.
- Neumann, Sigmund (ed.). 1956. Modern Political Parties. IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Redding, Robert. 2004. Hired Hatred. RCI.
- Sutherland, Keith. 2004. The Party's Over. Imprint Academic. ISBN 0-907845-51-7
- Ware, Alan. 1987. Citizens, Parties and the State: A Reappraisal. Princeton University Press.
Deleng uga
besutPranala njaba
besut- U.S. Party Platforms from 1840-2004 at The American Presidency Project: UC Santa Barbara
- Political resources on the net
- Leftist political parties of the world Archived 2019-07-01 at the Wayback Machine.
- Liberals Vs Conservatives Non partisan community where both sides of the fence may enter into debate.
- Do political parties do more harm than good?[1] Archived 2009-04-22 at the Wayback Machine.