Surfaktan

Surfaktan minangka senyawa sing nyuda ketegangan permukaan (utawa ketegangan antar muka) ing antaranè rong cuwèran, ing antaranè gas lan cairan, utawa ing antaranè cuwèr lan padhat. Surfaktan bisa uga tumindak minangka deterjèn, agén pembasahan , émulsi, agén umpluk utawa dispersan. Tembung "Surfactant" iku gabungan saka surface-active agént,^[1] diciptakaké udakara 1950.^[2]

Struktur lan komposisi surfaktan

Surfaktan biasané mawa senyawa organik sing amfifilik, tegesé ngemot klompok hidrofobik (buntuté) lan klompok hidrofilik (endhasé).^[3] Mula, surfaktan ngemot komponén sing ora larut ing banyu (utawa larut minyak) lan komponén sing larut ing banyu. Surfaktan iki bakal nyebar ing banyu lan nyerap ing antarané udara lan banyu utawa ing antarané minyak lan banyu, yèn banyu dicampur karo minyak. Klompok hidrofobik sing ora larut ing banyu bisa ngluwihi fase banyu akèh, menyang udara utawa menyang fase minyak, dene klompok endhas sing larut banyu tetep ana ing fase banyu.

Surfaktan ing biologi

Awak manungsa ngasilakè surfaktan sing beda-beda. Surfaktan paru diprodhuksi ana ing paru supaya bisa gampang ambegan kanthi nambah kapasitas paru-paru total, lan kakebakan saka paru-paru . Ing sindrom tekanan napas utawa RDS, terapi pangganti surfaktan mbantu pasien ngalami ambegan normal kanthi nggunakakè bentuk farmasi surfaktan. Salah sawijining conto surfaktan paru-paru farmasi yaiku Survanta (beractan) utawa bentuk umum Beraksurf sing diprodhuksi dening Abbvie lan Tekzima. Garam empedu, surfaktan sing diproduksi ing ati, duwè peran penting ing pencernaan. ^[4]

Guna surfaktan

Surfaktan duwè peranan penting minangka agén pembersih, pembasahan, penyebaran, émulsi, pambentuk umpluk lan anti umpluk ing akèh aplikasi lan produk rumah tangga, kalebu deterjen, pelembut kain, minyak motor, émulsi, sabun, cat, perekat, tinta, anti pedhut, lilin ski, lilin papan salju, kertas daur ulang, ing prosès flotasi, prosès cuci lan enzimatik, lan obat pencahar . Uga formulasi agrokimiya kayata herbisida (sawetara), insektisida, biocides (sanitizers), lan spermisida ( nonoxynol-9 ). ^[5] Produk perawatan pribadi kayata kosmetik, sampo, gèl adus, kondisioner rambut, lan pasta untu. Surfaktan digunakakè ing pemadam kebakaran lan pipa (agén pengurangan seret cuwèr). Polimer surfaktan alkali digunakakè kanggo mobilisasi minyak ing sumur minyak.

Risiko keamanan lan lingkungan

Umumé surfaktan anionik lan non-ionik ora beracun, duwè LD50 sing sebanding karo uyah meja. Keracunan senyawa amonium kuaternaria, sing kalebu antibakteri lan antijamur, beda-beda. Dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides (DDAC, DSDMAC) digunakakè minangka pelunak kain kanthi kurang LD50 (5 g / kg) lan intine ora beracun, déné alkilbenzyldimethylammonium klorida disinfektan duwè LD50 0,35 g / kg. Paparan jangka dawa kanggo surfaktan bisa ngganggu lan ngrusak kulit amarga surfaktan ngganggu membran lipid sing nglindhungi kulit lan sèl liyane. Iritasi kulit umume nambah seri non-ionik, amfoterik, anionik, surfaktan kationik. ^[6] Surfaktan asring disimpen ing macem-macem cara ing darat lan ing banyu^[7], minangka bagéan saka prosès sing dituju utawa limbah industri^[8] lan rumah tangga. ^[9]

Paripustaka

↑ Rosen MJ, Kunjappu JT (2012). Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena (édhisi ka-4th). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. kc. 1. ISBN 978-1-118-22902-6. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 8 Januari 2017. A surfactant (a contraction of surface-active agent) is a substance that, when present at low concentration in a system. has the property of adsorbing onto the surfaces or interfaces of the system and of altering to a marked degree the surface or interfacial free energies of those surfaces (or interfaces).
↑ "surfactant". Oxford English Dictionary (édhisi ka-Online). Oxford University Press. (Kudu langganan utawa dadi anggota pabukon umum Karajan Manunggal.) - "A new word, Surfactants, has been coined by Antara Products, General Aniline & Film Corporation, and has been presented to the chemical industry to cover all materials that have surface activity, including wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, detergents and foaming agents."
↑ "Bubbles, Bubbles, Everywhere, But Not a Drop to Drink". The Lipid Chronicles. 2011-11-11. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 26 April 2012. Dibukak ing 1 Agustus 2012.
↑ Maldonado-Valderrama, Julia; Wilde, Pete; MacIerzanka, Adam; MacKie, Alan (2011). "The role of bile salts in digestion". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 165 (1): 36–46. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.002. PMID 21236400.
↑ Paria, Santanu (2008). "Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 138 (1): 24–58. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2007.11.001. PMID 18154747.
↑ Kurt Kosswig "Surfactants" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2005, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_747
↑ "Detecting the transport of toxic pesticides from golf courses into watersheds in the Precambrian Shield region of Ontario, Canada". Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27 (4): 811–8. April 2008. doi:10.1897/07-216.1. PMID 18333674.
↑ "Fate of glutaraldehyde in hospital wastewater and combined effects of glutaraldehyde and surfactants on aquatic organisms". Environ Int. 31 (3): 399–406. April 2005. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.08.011. PMID 15734192. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2020-03-26. Dibukak ing 2021-04-30.
↑ "Two formulations of the industrial surfactant, Toximul, differentially reduce mouse weight gain and hepatic glycogen in vivo during early development: effects of exposure to Influenza B Virus". Chemosphere. 59 (2): 235–46. April 2005. Bibcode:2005Chmsp..59..235M. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.084. PMID 15722095.

[Rosen_MJ-1] Rosen MJ, Kunjappu JT (2012). Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena (édhisi ka-4th). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. kc. 1. ISBN 978-1-118-22902-6. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 8 Januari 2017. A surfactant (a contraction of surface-active agent) is a substance that, when present at low concentration in a system. has the property of adsorbing onto the surfaces or interfaces of the system and of altering to a marked degree the surface or interfacial free energies of those surfaces (or interfaces).

[2] "surfactant". Oxford English Dictionary (édhisi ka-Online). Oxford University Press. (Kudu langganan utawa dadi anggota pabukon umum Karajan Manunggal.) - "A new word, Surfactants, has been coined by Antara Products, General Aniline & Film Corporation, and has been presented to the chemical industry to cover all materials that have surface activity, including wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, detergents and foaming agents."

[The_Lipid_Chronicles-3] "Bubbles, Bubbles, Everywhere, But Not a Drop to Drink". The Lipid Chronicles. 2011-11-11. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 26 April 2012. Dibukak ing 1 Agustus 2012.

[4] Maldonado-Valderrama, Julia; Wilde, Pete; MacIerzanka, Adam; MacKie, Alan (2011). "The role of bile salts in digestion". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 165 (1): 36–46. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.002. PMID 21236400.

[5] Paria, Santanu (2008). "Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 138 (1): 24–58. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2007.11.001. PMID 18154747.

[Ullmann-6] Kurt Kosswig "Surfactants" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2005, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_747

[pmid18333674-7] "Detecting the transport of toxic pesticides from golf courses into watersheds in the Precambrian Shield region of Ontario, Canada". Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27 (4): 811–8. April 2008. doi:10.1897/07-216.1. PMID 18333674.

[pmid15734192-8] "Fate of glutaraldehyde in hospital wastewater and combined effects of glutaraldehyde and surfactants on aquatic organisms". Environ Int. 31 (3): 399–406. April 2005. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.08.011. PMID 15734192. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2020-03-26. Dibukak ing 2021-04-30.

[pmid15722095-9] "Two formulations of the industrial surfactant, Toximul, differentially reduce mouse weight gain and hepatic glycogen in vivo during early development: effects of exposure to Influenza B Virus". Chemosphere. 59 (2): 235–46. April 2005. Bibcode:2005Chmsp..59..235M. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.084. PMID 15722095.

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