Perang Krim

Perang Krim utawa Perang Krimea (1853–1856) iku peperangan kang dumadi antarané kakaisaran Ruslan nglawan sekuthu kang kapérang saka Prancis, Britania Raya, Krajan Sardinia, lan Kasultanan Utsmaniyah. Akèh-akèhé konflik kadadéan ing tanjung Krim, kanthi paprangan liyané kadadéan ing Turki kulon lan Sagara Baltik. Perang Krim kerep dianggep konflik modhèren pisanan kang mrabawani paprangan ing mangsa ngarep.

Perang Krim
Lukisan Franz Roubaud: Pangepungan Sevastopol (1904).
Titimangsa 1853–1856 Pernah Tanjung Krim, Balkan, Laut Hitam, Laut Baltik, Samudera Pasifik Asil Kamenangan sekuthu, Prajanjian Paris
Péhak kang perang
Sakuthu: Prancis Kasultanan Utsmaniyah Karajan Manunggal Krajan Sardinia	Kakaisaran Ruslan Sukarélawan Bulgarian
Kakuwatan
400.000 wong Prancis 250.000 wong Britania 10.000 wong Sardinia	2.200.000 wong Ruslan 4.000 wong Bulgaria
Kurban
~100.000 wong Prancis 35.000 wong Turki 17.500 wong Britania 2.194 wong Sardinia tiwas, tatu, lan mati amarga lelara	~134.000 tiwas, tatu, lan mati amarga lelara

Perang Krim ditepungi kanthi jeneng kang béda-béda. Ing Ruslan ditepungi minangka "Perang Oriental" (basa Ruslan: Восточная война, Vostochnaya Voina), lan ing Britania wektu iku ditepungi minangka "Perang Ruslan".

Perang Krim sajatiné wujud konflik antarané nagara Ruslan lan Turki. Ruslan ngrasa wong Turki Muslim ora bisa gawé pasarujukan kang adil karo wong Kristen ing Balkan, utawa karo bab kang ana gegayutané aksès marang "Tanah Suci" ing Palestina. Saliyané iku, wong Ruslan uga duwé kepenginan aksès kanggo kapal perang Ruslan marang Sagara Ireng ngliwati Selat Bosporus lan Dardanella. Negosiasi antarané Turki lan Ruslan ora nemoni pasarujukan. Wong-wong Turki kang olèh panyengkuyungé Prancis ndheklarasikake perang marang Ruslan. Ruslan menangaké paprangan sagara ing Sinope, Sagara Ireng nalika taun 1853. Inggris lan Prancis kuwatir Ruslan duwé karep njembaraké kakuwasan ing wewengkon Kakaisaran Ottoman. Inggris lan Prancis banjur ngirim armada sagara menyang Sagara Ireng kanggo njaga pasisir Turki. Inggris lan Prancis banjur dadi sekuthuné Turki.

Ruslan uga duwé pasulayan karo Prancis, mligi ing urusan dagang lan kaagamaan. Turki duwé rasa kwatir marang pengaruhé Ruslan kang kuwat ing wewengkon Balkan, ya iku ing Moldovia lan Wallachia.

Pasekuton

Amarga kuwatir marang rencana ekspansi Ruslan, Inggris banjur nggabung karo Prancis kanggo dheklarasikake perang mungsuh Ruslan ing pungkasané sasi Maret 1854. Inggris lan Prancis uga éntuk panyengkuyungé Piedmont-Sardinia lan kanthi pulitik éntuk panyengkuyungé Ostenrik. Pasukan Sakuthu perang karo Ruslan ing Ala River. Nalika wulan Oktober, Sakuthu ngepung Kutha Sebastopol. Ruslan mbales kanthi ngadhepi serangan Brigade Ringan Inggris ing Pertempuran Balaklava, kang diterusake pertempuran ing Inkerman ing wulan November. Pertemuran cacah telu iki dimenangake sekuthu. Sanajan sukses ngrebut manèh wewengkon Sebastopol, sekuthu durung bisa ngrebut wewengkon pelabuhan. Nembé ing taun 1855, Sebastopol bisa direbut sekuthu. Pasukan Ruslan kalah lan mundhur saka Sebastopol. Pasokan logistik lan tambahan wadyabala mandheg amarga ora anané jalur sepur. Prajanjen Paris nalika 30 Maret 1856 mungkasi perang iki.

Bibliografi

• Bridge and Bullen, The Great Powers and the European States System 1814-1914, (Pearson Education: London), 2005
• Bamgart, Winfried The Crimean War, 1853-1856 (2002) Arnold Publishers ISBN 0-340-61465-X
• Ponting, Clive The Crimean War (2004) Chatto and Windus ISBN 0-7011-7390-4
• Pottinger Saab, Anne The Origins of the Crimean Alliance (1977) University of Virginia Press ISBN 0-8139-0699-7
• Rich, Norman Why the Crimean War: A Cautionary Tale (1985) McGraw-Hill ISBN 0-07-052255-3
• Royce, Simon The Crimean War and its place in European Economic History (2001) University of London Press ISBN 0-3825-2868-6
• Royle, Trevor Crimea: The Great Crimean War, 1854-1856 (2000) Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 1-4039-6416-5
• Schroeder, Paul W. Ostenrik, Great Britain, and the Crimean War: The Destruction of the European Concert (1972) Cornell University Press ISBN 0-8014-0742-7
• Wetzel, David The Crimean War: A Diplomatic History (1985) Columbia University Press ISBN 0-88033-086-4

Pratélan pustaka

• Hamley, The War in the Crimea, (London, 1891)
• Kinglake, The Invasion of the Crimea, (nine volumes, London, 1863-87)
• Russell, The War in the Crimea, 1854-56, (London, 1855-56)
• Marx, The Eastern Question, 1853-56, (translated by E. M. and E. Aveling, London, 1897)
• Lodomir, La guerre de 1853-56, (Paris, 1857)
• Kovalevski, Der Krieg Russlands mit der Türkei in den Jahren 1853-54, (Leipzig, 1869)
• Rein, Die Teilnahme Sardiniens am Krimkrieg und de öffentliche Meinung in Italien, (Leipzig, 1910)

Pranala njaba

• Loading and Firing British Muskets in the Crimean War 1854-1856
• Austria Chronology Crimean War Archived 2008-10-24 at the Wayback Machine.
• France Chronology Crimean War Archived 2008-04-01 at the Wayback Machine.
• Great Britain Chronology Crimean War Archived 2008-07-31 at the Wayback Machine.
• Italy Chronology Crimean War Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
• Russia Chronology Crimean War Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine.
• Turkey Chronology Crimean War Archived 2008-10-03 at the Wayback Machine.
• Crimean War Research Society.
• Immediate causes of the War detailed in context.
• The Tunisian Army in the Crimean War: A Military Mystery Archived 2019-06-10 at the Wayback Machine. by Dr. Andrew McGregor
• The Baltic Campaign of the Crimean War Archived 2008-06-08 at the Wayback Machine.
• Punch Sketches on Crimean War
• Commander W. Gordon, R.N. (H.M.S Sansapareil). Balaclava and the Sevastopol Inquiry, 1855 Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Army Service of Hastings McAllister