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ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃꦲꦤ꧀

(Kaelih saka Tetuwuhan/jv)
 
ꦗꦮ
    
Artikel iki macak aksara Jawa. Menawa pangluru sampéyan durung njurung karakter iku, sampéyan mokal ndeleng sawenèh tulisan sing nganggo aksara Jawa ing kaca iki.
Kanggo ndandani, wacana Pitulung:Aksara Jawa.
ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀
Kalamangsa: 520 Ma
↓
Kambrium tekan saiki, nanging pirsani teks
Klasifikasi ngèlmiah
Dhomain: Eukaryota
Unranked: Archaeplastida
Karajan: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisi


Alga ijo

Tetuwuhan dharat (Embryophyta)

†Nematophytes

ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀​ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩꦸ​ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ​ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺ​ꦠꦶꦠꦃ​ꦏꦁꦏꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦁ​ꦫꦺꦒ꧀ꦤꦸꦩ꧀​ꦥ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦌ꧈​ꦲꦶꦁꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ​꧇ꦏꦧꦺꦃꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦩꦮꦥꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭꦸꦃ꧈​ꦏꦁꦱꦼꦩꦸꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦱꦗꦠꦶ​꧌ꦭꦸꦩꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦠꦶ꧈​ꦭꦸꦩꦸꦠ꧈​ꦥꦏꦸꦥꦏꦸꦮꦤ꧀꧈​ꦲꦸꦒ​ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦶꦗꦶ꧉​ꦲꦶꦥꦺꦂꦱꦶ​ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀​ꦠꦶꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ꧈​ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ​ꦲꦸꦏꦊꦧꦸꦲꦶꦁꦏꦫꦗꦤ꧀​꧌ꦫꦺꦒ꧀ꦤꦸꦩ꧀꧍​ꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧉ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦃ​ꦲꦻꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥ꧀​ꦏꦁꦩꦸꦥꦁꦔꦠꦏꦺ​ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦥꦶꦭ꧀​ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦁꦔꦺꦴꦮꦃꦲꦺꦤꦼꦂꦒꦶ​ꦥꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀​ꦱꦏꦕꦃꦪ​ꦱꦽꦔꦺꦔꦺ​ꦢꦢꦶꦲꦺꦤꦼꦂꦒꦶꦏꦶꦩꦪꦮꦶꦏꦁꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦢꦺ​ꦒꦸꦭ꧉​ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦥꦁꦔꦭꦶꦃꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦪꦫꦤꦶꦥꦿꦺꦴꦱꦺꦱ꧀​ꦥꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦱꦶꦱ꧀꧉​ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦱꦺꦴꦭꦃꦲꦺꦏꦁꦲꦻꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥ꧀꧈​ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦥꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱꦶꦲꦁꦏꦱꦶꦗꦶꦲꦶꦁꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦲꦶꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦤꦼꦂꦒꦶꦭꦶꦮꦠ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦃ​꧌ꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀꧍꧉​ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦮꦂꦤꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦩꦶꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧈ꦩꦸꦭꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦢꦶꦪꦁꦒꦺꦴꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸ​Viridiplantae​꧌ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ꧍꧉​ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸMetaphyta꧉

ꦏ꧀ꦭꦱꦶꦥ꦳ꦶꦏꦱꦶ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦩꦁꦱ ꦏꦥꦸꦁꦏꦸꦂ ꦔ꧀ꦭꦼꦧꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺ ꦲꦸꦒ ꦏꦧꦺꦃ ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꧌ꦏꦊꦧꦸ ꦗꦩꦸꦂ ꦊꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦂ꧍  ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦤꦺ꧉  ꦏꦿꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ ꦏꦿꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦩꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦭ꧀ ꦱꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦺ ꦲꦒꦮꦺ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꦢꦶꦥꦶꦱꦲꦏꦺ ꦱꦏ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀꧉  ꦱꦤꦢꦾꦤ꧀ ꦱ꧀ꦠꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦼꦂ꧈  ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꦲꦱꦶꦥꦠ꧀ ꦱꦥꦿꦺꦴꦠꦿꦺꦴꦥ꦳꧀꧈  ꦲꦺꦴꦭꦺꦃ ꦲꦺꦤꦺꦂꦒꦶ ꦱꦏ ꦱꦶꦱ ꦱꦶꦱ ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦺꦴꦂꦒꦤꦶꦏ꧀꧉  ꦏꦗꦧ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ꧈  ꦝꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦁ ꦱꦺꦭ꧀ ꦥ꦳ꦸꦔꦶ ꦲꦺꦴꦫ ꦏꦱꦸꦱꦸꦤ꧀ ꦱꦏ ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦥꦝ ꦏꦫꦺꦴ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦩꦭꦲꦤ꧀ ꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂ ꦏꦺꦮꦤ꧀꧉  ꦱꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ ꦒꦼꦝꦺ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦂ ꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠ꧀ ꦢꦶꦥꦶꦱꦲꦏꦺ ꦱꦏ ꦏꦴꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦴꦤ꧀ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦩꦂꦒ ꦲꦺꦴꦫ ꦢꦸꦮꦺ ꦢꦶꦥ꦳ꦼꦉꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦪꦱꦶ ꦗꦫꦶꦔꦤ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦺꦴꦫ ꦔꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦏꦺ ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦶꦭ꧀ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦥꦶꦒ꧀ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ ꦥꦤꦁꦏꦥ꧀ ꦲꦺꦤꦺꦂꦒꦶ꧉ ꦥꦁꦒꦸꦤꦴꦤ꧀ ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶ ꦩꦺꦴꦊꦏꦸꦊꦂ ꦩꦫꦁ ꦥ꦳ꦶꦭꦺꦴꦒꦺꦤꦶ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦥꦿꦚꦠ ꦩꦺꦤꦺꦲꦶ ꦥꦚꦼꦁꦏꦸꦪꦸꦁ ꦥꦩꦶꦱꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧉

ꦝꦺꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦶꦱꦶ

besut

ꦤꦭꦶꦏ ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦢꦶꦏꦉꦥꦏꦺ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦒꦿꦸꦥ꧀ ꦲꦺꦴꦂꦒꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ ꦠꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈  ꦫꦕꦏꦺ ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺ ꦱꦭꦃ ꦱꦶꦗꦶ ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦥ꧀꧉  ꦥꦔ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏꦤꦺ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ:

ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ ꦭꦶꦁꦏꦸꦥ꧀ ꦏꦠꦿꦔꦤ꧀
ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦝꦫꦠ꧀꧈  ꦲꦸꦒ ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ ꦌꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦂꦪ꧀ꦺꦴꦦꦠ ꦲꦸꦠꦮ ꦩꦼꦠꦦꦠ꧉ Plantae sensu strictissimo ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦏꦭꦊꦧꦸ liverworts, hornworts, mosses, ꦭꦤ꧀vascular plant, ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦲꦸꦒꦶ fossil plants ꦏꦁ ꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂ ꦏꦫꦺꦴ ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ.
Green plants – ꦲꦸꦒ ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶ ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏ Viridiplantae, Viridiphyta ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ Chlorobionta Plantae sensu stricto ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦏꦊꦧꦸ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦝꦫꦠ꧀ ꦥ꧀ꦭꦸꦱ꧀ ꦩꦤꦺꦏ ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ alga ijo, ꦏꦊꦧꦸ stonewort.
Archaeplastida, Plastida ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ Primoplantae Plantae sensu lato ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ ꦏꦊꦧꦸ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ ꦲꦶꦁ ꦝꦸꦮꦸꦂ​ ꦥ꧀ꦭꦸꦱ꧀Rhodophyta (alga abang) ꦭꦤ꧀ Glaucophyta (alga glaucophyte).

ꦕꦫ ꦭꦶꦪ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦭꦶꦮꦠ꧀ ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁ cladogram꧈  ꦏꦁ ꦤꦸꦢꦸꦲꦏꦺ ꦒꦪꦸꦠꦤ꧀ ꦲꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦭꦸꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦺꦂ꧉  ꦱꦗꦫꦃ ꦲꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦭꦸꦱꦶ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁ ꦢꦶꦠꦠ ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶ ꦥꦼꦥꦏ꧀꧈  ꦤꦔꦶꦁ ꦱꦭꦃ ꦱꦶꦗꦶ ꦏꦁ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦢꦶꦠꦩ꧀ꦥ ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ꧉[2]

Archaeplastida 

Glaucophyta (glaucophyte algae) 




Rhodophyta (ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦧꦁ) 



Viridiplantae 

Chlorophyta (ꦥꦼꦫꦔꦤꦶꦁ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ) 


Streptophyta 

streptophyte algae (ꦥꦼꦫꦔꦤꦶꦁ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ) 




Charales (stoneworts, often included 
ꦲꦶꦁ ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ) 



land plants ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ embryophytes








ꦒꦿꦸꦥ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦠꦿꦢꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ "algae"

ꦫꦸꦥ

besut

ꦮꦠꦫ 350,000 ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦱꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀ ꦱꦏ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦏꦁ ꦲꦤ ꦮꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦸ ꦲꦶꦏꦶ. ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀ 2004, ꦮꦠꦫ 287,655 ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦱꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀ ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶ꧈  ꦲꦶꦁ ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ 258,650 ꦪ ꦲꦶꦏꦸ ꦲꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀ ꦔꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ, 16,000 bryophyta, 11,000 ꦥꦏꦶꦱ꧀ ꦭꦤ꧀ 8,000 ꦲꦭ꧀ꦒ ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ.

ꦏꦫꦒꦩꦤ꧀ ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀
ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ ꦲꦶꦤꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦂꦩꦭ꧀ ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ ꦢꦶꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶ ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ ꦕꦕꦲꦶꦁ ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦱꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀
Ganggang ijo Chlorophyta ganggang ijo (chlorophyta) 3,800 [3]
Charophyta ganggang ijo (desmids & charophytes) 4,000-6,000 [4]
Bryophyta Marchantiophyta liverworts 6,000-8,000 [5]
Anthocerotophyta hornworts 100-200 [6]
Bryophyta mosses 12,000 [7]
Pteridophyta Lycopodiophyta club mosses 1,200 [8]
Pteridophyta ferns, whisk ferns & horsetails 11,000 [8]
Tetuwuhan wewiji Cycadophyta cycads 160 [9]
Ginkgophyta ginkgo 1 [10]
Pinophyta conifers 630 [8]
Gnetophyta gnetophytes 70 [8]
Magnoliophyta flowering plants 258,650 [11]

ꦥꦶꦂꦱꦤꦶ ꦲꦸꦒ

besut

ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦼꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ

besut
  1. ↑ Haeckel G (1866). Generale Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer. kc. vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II, vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII.
  2. ↑ Miturut Rogozin, I.B.; Basu, M.K.; Csürös, M. & Koonin, E.V. (2009), "Analysis of Rare Genomic Changes Does Not Support the Unikont–Bikont Phylogeny and Suggests Cyanobacterial Symbiosis as the Point of Primary Radiation of Eukaryotes", Genome Biology and Evolution, 1: 99–113, doi:10.1093/gbe/evp011, PMC 2817406, PMID 20333181 and Becker, B. & Marin, B. (2009), "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes", Annals of Botany, 103 (7): 999–1004, doi:10.1093/aob/mcp044, PMID 19273476; see also the slightly different cladogram in Lewis, Louise A. & McCourt, R.M. (2004), "Green algae and the origin of land plants", Am. J. Bot., 91 (10): 1535–1556, doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535.
  3. ↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 343, 350, 392, 413, 425, 439, & 448 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
  4. ↑ Van den Hoek, C., D. G. Mann, & H. M. Jahns, 1995. Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. pages 457, 463, & 476. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-30419-9
  5. ↑ Crandall-Stotler, Barbara. & Stotler, Raymond E., 2000. "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". page 21 in A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1
  6. ↑ Schuster, Rudolf M., The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, volume VI, pages 712-713. (Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1992). ISBN 0-914868-21-7.
  7. ↑ Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 98: 205–239.
  8. ↑ a b c d Raven, Peter H., Ray F. Evert, & Susan E. Eichhorn, 2005. Biology of Plants, 7th edition. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1007-2.
  9. ↑ Gifford, Ernest M. & Adriance S. Foster, 1988. Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants, 3rd edition, page 358. (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company). ISBN 0-7167-1946-0.
  10. ↑ Taylor, Thomas N. & Edith L. Taylor, 1993. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 636. (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall). ISBN 0-13-651589-4.
  11. ↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Summary Statistics

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besut
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