Jalur Sutra
Jalur Sutra (Hanzi tradhisional: 絲綢之路; Hanzi sing Diprasajakaké: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sī chóu zhī lù, basa Pèrsi راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) iku jalur urutan liwat Asia Kidul sing diliwati déning karavan lan kapal laut, lan nggandhèngaké Chang'an, Tiongkok, karo Antiokia, Suriah, lan uga papan liyané. Pangaruhé kagawa tekan Koréa lan Jepang.
Silih genti iki wigati banget ora mung kanggo pangembangan kabudayan Tiongkok, India lan Roma nanging uga wujud dhasar saka donya modhèren. Istilah 'jalur sutra' sepisanan dipigunaaké déning géografer Jerman Ferdinand von Richthofen ing abad kaping 19.
Jalur Sutra bawana mérang dadi jalur lor lan kidul mangkono jalur mau mawiyar saka pusat perdagangan Tiongkok Lor lan Tiongkok Kidul, rute lor ngliwati Bulgar-Kypchak nuju Éropah Wétan lan Ujung Crimea, lan saka kana nuju Laut Ireng, Laut Marmara, lan Balkan nuju Venezia; rute kidul ngliwati Turkestan-Khorasan nuju Mesopotamia lan Anatolia, lan banjur nuju Antiokia ing Kidul Anatolia nuju Laut Tengah utawa liwat Levant nuju Mesir lan Afrika Lor.
Hubungan dalan ril sing ilang ing Jalur Sutra dirampungaké taun 1992, nalika dalan ril internasional Almaty - Urumqi dibukak.
Pirsanana uga
besutPranala njaba
besut- Peta rute-ture pelayaran antara 25 dan 220 M: Eurasian Trade Routes at the Time of the Eastern Han Dynasty Archived 2007-06-28 at the Wayback Machine.
- Pameran British Library Silk Road Archived 2005-02-07 at the Wayback Machine., dengan versi digital The Diamond Sutra, buku tercetak tertua di donya.
- China National Tourist Office Archived 2007-12-21 at the Wayback Machine.
- Cities Along the Silk Road (University of Washington)
- "The changing Northern Areas", Dawn
- Dr. Oliver Wild Archived 2016-03-15 at the Portuguese Web Archive
- International Dunhuang Project Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine.
- Old World Traditional Trade Routes (OWTRAD)
- Silkroad Foundation
- Silk Road Project
- Silk Road Seattle
Réferènsi
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- Bulliet, Richard W. 1975. The Camel and the Wheel. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-09130-2.
- Casson, Lionel. 1989. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04060-5.
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- Klimkeit, Hans-Joach, im. 1988. Die Seidenstrasse: Handelsweg and Kulturbruecke zwischen Morgen- and Abendland. Koeln: DuMont Buchverlag.
- Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1993. Gnosis on the Silk Road: Gnostic Texts from Central Asia. Trans. & presented by Hans-Joachim Klimkeit. HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-064586-5.
- Knight, E. F. 1893. Where Three Empires Meet: A Narrative of Recent Travel in: Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries. Longmans, Green, and Co., London. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company, Taipei. 1971.
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- Liu, Xinru 2001 “Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies.” Journal of World History, Volume 12, No. 2, Fall 2001. University of Hawaii Press, pp. 261–292. [3].
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- Osborne, Milton. 1975. River Road to China: The Mekong River Expedition, 1866-73. George Allen & Unwin Lt.
- Puri, B. N. Buddhism in Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi, 1987. (2000 reprint).
- Ray, Himanshu Prabha. 2003. The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80455-8 (hardback); ISBN 0-521-01109-4 (paperback).
- Sarianidi, Victor. 1985. The Golden Hoard of Bactria: From the Tillya-tepe Excavations in Northern Afghanistan. Harry N. Abrams, New York.
- Stein, Aurel M. 1907. Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford. [4]
- Stein, Aurel M. 1912. Ruins of Desert Cathay: Personal narrative of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China, 2 vols. Reprint: Delhi. Low Price Publications. 1990.
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- Stein Aurel M. 1928. Innermost Asia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia, Kan-su and Eastern Iran, 5 vols. Clarendon Press. Reprint: New Delhi. Cosmo Publications. 1981.
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- von Le Coq, Albert. 1928. Buried Treasures of Turkestan. Reprint with Introduction by Peter Hopkirk, Oxford University Press. 1985.
- Whitfield, Susan. 1999. Life Along the Silk Road. London: John Murray.
- Wimmel, Kenneth. 1996. The Alluring Target: In Search of the Secrets of Central Asia. Trackless Sands Press, Palo Alto, CA. ISBN 1-879434-48-2
- Yan, Chen. 1986. “EARLIEST SILK ROUTE: The Southwest Route.” Chen Yan. China Reconstructs, Vol. XXXV, No. 10. Oct. 1986, pp. 59–62.
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