Perang Lempongan

Perang Lempongan utawi Perang Lempongan Pèrsi (2 Agustus 1990 – 28 Fèbruari 1991)^[1]^[2] inggih punika konflik antawis Iraq lan Pasukan koalisi saking 35 nagari^[3] ingkang dipunidinaken déning PBB (UN) lan dipunpimpin mliginipun déning Amérikah Sarékat kanggé mbébasaken Kuwait.

Perang tuwuh amargi invasi Irak dhateng Kuwait wonten ing tanggal 2 Agustus, 1990. Agresi Irak punika lajeng dipunbales kanthi sanksi ékonomi déning PBB dhumateng Irak. Intervensi nganggé gaman saking internasional dipunwiwiti ing wulan January 1991 lan ngasilaken kamenangan kanggé wadyabala koalisi, ingkang nggiring wadyabala Irak medal saking Kuwait kanthi kurban ingkang sakedhik. Pertempuran udara lan dharat dumados wonten ing palagan Irak, Kuwait, lan tlatah tapel wates Saudi Arabia. Irak ugi ngluncuraken peluru kendhali missiles dhumateng sasaran-sasaran ing Saudi Arabia lan Israèl. Amargi Perang Iran-Irak ing taun 1980-88 sampun kadhung dipunwastani "Perang Lempongan " utawi "Perang Lempongan Pèrsi" déning sumber-sumber berita, pramila perang taun 1991 punika lajeng dipunwastani ''Perang Lempongan II'', utawi langkung umum kasebat Perang Lempongan kémawon, déné perang ingkang kadadosan taun 1980 dipunwastani Perang Lempongan Kapisan.^[4] Operation Desert Storm was the U.S. name of the air and land operations and is often used to refer to the conflict.

Kekiatan ingkang Adu arep

Nem dinten sasampunipun invasi Irak ing Kuwait wonten ing 2 Agustus, 1990, Amérika Sarikat miwiti nggelar pasukanipun wujud wadyabala dharat, Angkatan Seganten Marinir, Angkatan Udara lan Penjaga Pasisir dhateng Saudi Arabia(Operation Desert Shield), sauntawis nyuwun kanthi sanget supados nagari sanès inggih purun ngintun pasukanipun. Operasi Badai Ara-ara dipunwiwiti kaping 17 Januari, 1991, kanthi kalih welas nagari sampun ngintun Angkatan Seganten, nggabung kaliyan pasuka Saudi Arabia, nagari Lempongan sanèsipun. lan wadyabala Angkatan Seganten Amérika Sarikat, ingkang nggelar enem armada kapal indhuk; wolung nagari sampun ngintun wadyabala dharat, nggabung kaliyan wadyabala saking Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, lan Uni Emirat Arab, ugi pitulas brigade awrat lan enem brigade alit saking Angkatan Dharat Amérika Sarikat. Army lan sangang resimen Marinir, kanthi sadaya pendhukungipun,; lan sekawan nagari sampun ngintun montor mabur tempur, nggabung kaliyan Angkatan Udara Kuwait, Qatar, lan Saudi Arabia, lan ugi Angkatan Udara Amérika Sarikat, penerbangan Angkatan Seganten lan Marinir Amérika Sarikat kanthi total 2,430 montor mabur sayap tetap utawi fixed-wing aircraft.

Saking péhak Irak, dipungelar sawatawis kapal gunboat lan montor mabur kanthi peluru kendhali alit kanggé ngadhepi armada koalisi; nanging suwalikipun, kinten-kinten 1.2 yuta wadyabala dharat kanthi kirang langkung 5,800 tank, 5,100 kendharaan lapis waja sanèsipun, lan 3,850 artileri kanggé nedahaken kakuatan dharat ingkang pinunjul.. Kanthi 750 montor mabur penenmpur lan pembom, 200 montor mabur sanèsipun, lan ngadelaken pertahanan peluru kendhali lan mriem, kakuatan udara Irak ugi cekap mbebayani. Nanging bab kualitas prajurit lan peralatan wadyabala Irak pancèn akgolong kirang saé.

Panggelaran Pasukan

List of Coalition forces by number of troops
Country	Number of Troops	Comments / Major Events
United States	575,000-697,000	Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Battle of 73 Easting Battle of Al Busayyah Battle of Phase Line Bullet Battle of Medina Ridge Battle of Wadi Al-Batin Battle of Norfolk Operation Desert Storm.
Saudi Arabia	52,000-100,000	Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Operation Desert Storm
United Kingdom	43,000-45,400	Operation Desert Shield Operation Granby Operation Desert Storm
Egypt	33,600-35,000	Operation Desert Storm
France	14,600	Opération Daguet
Syria	14,500	Operation Desert Storm
Morocco	13,000
Kuwait	9,900	Operation Desert Storm
Oman	6,300	Operation Desert Storm
Pakistan	4,900-5,500
United Arab Emirates	4,300	Operation Desert Storm
Qatar	2,600	Battle of Khafji
Bangladesh	2,200
Canada	2,000	Operation FRICTION
Italy	1,200
Australia	700	Operation Habitat
Netherlands	600
Niger	600
Spain	500
Senegal	500
Belgium	400
Bahrain	400
Argentina	300
Afghanistan	300
Greece	200
South Koréa	200
Poland	200	Operation Simoom
Dhènemarken	100
Hungary	50
Norway	50

^[5]

Bibliografi

Felicity Arbuthnot. "Allies Deliberately Poisoned Iraq Public Water Supply In Gulf War". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. September 17, 2000. Sunday Herald (Scotland)
Rick Atkinson and Ann Devroy. "U.S. Claims Iraqi Nuclear Reactors Hit Hard". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. Jan 12, 1991. Washington Post.
Mitchell Bard. "The Gulf War". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. Jewish virtual library.
William Blum. "Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II". Diarsip saka asliné ing 2000-09-17. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. 1995. Common Courage Press. ISBN 1-56751-052-3
Christoper Bolkom and Jonathan Pike. "Attack Aircraft Proliferation: Areas for Concern". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 11 March 2016. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.
Miland Brown. First Pèrsin Gulf War[1] Archived 2007-01-21 at the Wayback Machine.
Daniel Forbes. "Gulf War crimes?". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 15, 2000. Salon Magazine.
T. M. Hawley. Against the Fires of Hell: The Environmental Disaster of the Gulf War. 1992. ISBN 0-15-103969-0.
Dilip Hiro. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. 1992. Routledge.
Ronald Andrew Hoskinson and Norman Jarvis. Gulf War Photo Gallery"Gulf War Photo Gallery". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 29 December 2005. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. 1994.
Gilles Kepel. "From the Gulf War to the Taliban Jihad." Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. 2002.
Jon Latimer. Deception in War, London: John Murray, 2001 ISBN 0-7195-5605-8
Allan Little. "Iraq coming in from the cold?". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. December 1, 1997. BBC.
John MacArthur. "Independent Policy Forum Luncheon Honoring". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.
Alan Munro. Arab Storm: Politics and Diplomacy Behind the Gulf War I.B. Tauris. 2006. ISBN 1-84511-128-1.
Naval Historical Center. "The United States Navy in Desert Shield/Desert Storm". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 15, 1991.
Wright, Steven. The United States and Pèrsin Gulf Security: The Foundations of the War on Terror, Ithaca Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-86372-321-6
Larry A. Niksch and Robert G. Sutter. "Japan's Response to the Pèrsin Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S.-Japan Relations". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 23, 1991. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
Paul William Roberts, The Demonic Comedy: In the Baghdad of Saddam Hussein [2] Archived 2007-11-10 at the Wayback Machine.
Micah Sifry and Christopher Cerf. The Gulf War Reader. 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1947-5.
Jean Edward Smith, George Bush's War, New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1992.
Peter Turnley. "The Unseen Gulf War (photo essay)". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. December 2002.
Paul Walker and Eric Stambler. "...and the dirty little weapons". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 3 February 2007. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. 1991. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol 47, Number 4.
Andre Gunder Frank. "Third World War in the Gulf: A New World Order". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005. May 20, 1991. Political Economy Notebooks for Study and Research, no. 14, pp. 5-34.
PBS Frontline. "The Gulf War: an in-depth examination of the 1990-1991 Pèrsin Gulf crisis". Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.
"Report to Congress on the Conduct of the Pèrsin Gulf War, Chapter 6". Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2 February 2007. Dibukak ing 4 December 2005.

Ugi pirsani

Film bab Perang Lempongan

Bravo Two Zero
En:Courage Under Fire
The Finest Hour
Jarhead
En:Lessons of Darkness
En:Live From Baghdad
Heroes of Desert Storm
Three Kings
En:In the Army Now (saleresipun filem bab pertempuran fiktif antawis wadyabala AS lan wadyabala Libya ingkang nyerang Chad)

Video game magepokan kaliyan Perang lempongan

Super Battletank War in the Gulf
En:Gulf War: Operation Desert Hammer
En:Conflict: Desert Storm
En:Conflict: Desert Storm 2(back to Baghdad)
Patriot
En:Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem

Réferènsi

↑ "Frontline Chronology" (PDF). Public Broadcasting Service. Dibukak ing 2007-03-20.
↑ "CNN, 16 January 2001". Dibukak ing 16 October 2007. {{cite web}}: |archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (pitulung)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ The reported number of countries participating in the Coalition varies according to source. These variations may be in part be due to uncertainty over what level of participation constitutes being a Coalition member, and vagueness over the organization timeline of the Coalition. Examples of count variations include: an Arab anti-Gulf War essay - 31 Archived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine.; CNN - 34; an Arab médhia site - 36^{[pranala mati permanèn]}; the Heritage Foundation (a US conservative think tank citing a 1991 Department of Defense report) - 38 Archived 2007-06-01 at the Wayback Machine.; US Institute of Medicine report on Gulf War Veterans' Health - 39 Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.. The number of Coalition members has been reported to be as low as 19 at the beginning of the air campaign.
↑ "Rescue Operations in the Second Gulf War". Air & Space Power Journal. Spring 2005. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2008-03-10. Dibukak ing 2007-10-16.
↑ Nationmaster.com-Gulf War Coalition - Troops by country

Pranala njawi

Wikipedia

Artikel punika, artikel dhasar ingkang kedah dipundarbèni sadaya basa.

Desert-Storm.com Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Online Community For Desert-Storm Veterans. Information resource about the war.
Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the Gulf War Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.
CBC Digital Archives - The 1991 Gulf War

Artikel iki minangka artikel rintisan. Kowé bisa ngéwangi Wikipédia ngembangaké.

[FrontlineCron-1] "Frontline Chronology" (PDF). Public Broadcasting Service. Dibukak ing 2007-03-20.

[2] "CNN, 16 January 2001". Dibukak ing 16 October 2007. {{cite web}}: |archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (pitulung)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[3] The reported number of countries participating in the Coalition varies according to source. These variations may be in part be due to uncertainty over what level of participation constitutes being a Coalition member, and vagueness over the organization timeline of the Coalition. Examples of count variations include: an Arab anti-Gulf War essay - 31 Archived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine.; CNN - 34; an Arab médhia site - 36^{[pranala mati permanèn]}; the Heritage Foundation (a US conservative think tank citing a 1991 Department of Defense report) - 38 Archived 2007-06-01 at the Wayback Machine.; US Institute of Medicine report on Gulf War Veterans' Health - 39 Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.. The number of Coalition members has been reported to be as low as 19 at the beginning of the air campaign.

[4] "Rescue Operations in the Second Gulf War". Air & Space Power Journal. Spring 2005. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 2008-03-10. Dibukak ing 2007-10-16.

[5] Nationmaster.com-Gulf War Coalition - Troops by country

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