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UNIFIL

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, utawa UNIFIL, diwangun déning Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, kanthi Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 425 lan 426 tanggal 19 Maret 19, 1978, kanggo mesthèkaké pemunduran wadyabala Israèl saka Lebanon, ndandani kedamaian lan keamanan international, lan mbantu Pamaréntah Lebanon mbenakaké kakuwasané.[1] Pasukan UNIFIL kang pisanan teka ing Libanon tanggal 23 Maret, 1978; wadyabala iki dialihaké saka operasi PBB liyané kang tugas ing tlatah saubengé (mligi saka UNEF lan UNDOF).[1]

Markas UNIFIL, ing taun 1981
UNIFIL Deployment Augustus 2011
UNIFIL Sisu Pasi ing salju, cerak tapel wates Israèl ing Lebanon Kidul, 1998

Sajeroning Perang Libanon 1982, posisi PBB diserbu mligi déning wadyabala de facto kang dibawahi Saad Haddad. Pasukan iki minangka wadyabala asli Libanon kang dibantu déning Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl IDF.[2] Sajeroning mangsa pendhudhukan, fungsi UNIFIL mligi mung nyedhiakaké bantuan kamanungsan.[2] Wiwit taun 1985, Israèl ngurangi (scaled back) posisi tetepé ing Libanon, sanajan prosess iki ditandai nganggo serangan-serangan kilat lan pemboman, kaya déné ing Operasi Tanggung Jawab taun 1993 lan Operasi Murka taun 1996. Ing taun 1999, Israèl mundur total, kang rampung ing taun 2000 lan marakaké UNIFIL nuli bisa minangka tugas-tugas militeré. Pamaréntah Libanon nyatakaké yèn tlatah Shebaa farms minangka teritori Libanon,sanajan PBB nganggep iku ing njabané wewengkon Libanon. Pamaréntah Libanon nganggep yèn dhébat bab iki mènèhi (hak) kanggo sanksi hukum tumrap kelompok bersenjata anti-Israèli ing Libanon (sanajan PBB kanthi resmi nyatakaké yèn Israèl wis mundur kabèh saka tlatah kang dikuwasani sawisé perang 1973). Dewan Keamanan PBB wis merlèng (memperpanjang) mandat UNIFIL nganti tanggal 31Agustus, 2008.[3]

Mandat

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UNIFIL ditugasi kanggo nggayuh sasaran-sasaran:

Mandat mau dhedhasar resolusi PBB:





Nagara Penyumbang Pasukan

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Nagara-nagara mau ing ngisor iki mèlu nyumbang wadyabala aktif, utawa mènèhi rupa-rupa bantuan. Nagara kanthi aksara kandel minangka péranganing wadyabala UNIFIL kang wiwitan/asli.

Nagara kakuwatan Pasukan (kira-kira*) Peran
Bèlgi 394[7][8] sapu ranjau, kasehatan lan tim rekonstrucsi [8]
Brunei 100[9][10]
Bulgaria 160[11]
China 1,000[12][13] 200 insinyur ing Libanon ngresiki ranjau [13]
Dhènemarken 50[7][14] 2 kapal patroli pelindhung wadyabala kanggo kontingèn Jerman
Finlan 250[7][15] rekonstruksi dalan, kreteg lan infrastruktur liyané [16]
Perancis 2,000[17][18] wadyabala dharat kalebu 13 tank Perancis Leclerc;[19] kanggo nglindhungi wadyabala dharat UNIFIL nganti Fèbruari 2007.[20]
Tambahan, kapal Angkatan Sagara Perancis kanthi 1,700 personil digelar saubengé Libanon ing Opération Baliste, lan operasi UNIFIL.
Jerman 2,400[21][22] kapal Angkatan Sagara Jerman kanggo njaga pasisir Libanon lan nyegah penyelundupan senjata [21][22]
Ghana 650[23]
Yunani 176-196 Elli-class frigate, HS Kanaris, patroli nyegah penyelundupan senjata [24]
India 672[23][25]
Indonesia}} 1,000[26][27] wadyabala tempur, unit zeni lan ahli logistik [26]
Irlandia 150[16][28] perlindhungan kanggo wadyabala Finlan [16]
Italia 2,500[29] wadyabala dharat; wiwit Fèbruari 2007[30]
Koréa Kidul 350[31][32] Pasukan Infantri lan tim medis. Tugas pengamanan ing tlatah Tyre.[33] Medical aid for local people.
Malaysia 360[34][35] Administratif(200) lan tim patroli reaksi rikat (160; kalebu komando lan wadyabala mirunggan);
Nepal 850[36][37] batalyon infantri [36][37]
Walanda 150[38] 1 Karel Doorman class frigate[38]
Nurwègen 100[39][40] Kapal AL Nurwègen kanggo ngamanké pasisir Libanomn lan nyegah penyelundupan[39]
Polen 500[7][41]
Portugal 140[42] engineering unit
Ruslan 400[22][43] yasa infrastruktur [22]
Slowak 6 Tim medis
Spanyol 1,000[17][44] anti ranjau lan ngresiki pasisir [45]
Swèdhen 40[7][46] 1 Korvet klas Göteborg
Turki 495[47] unit zeni yasa kreteg kang rusak lan dalan; Fregat Turki patroli pasisir Libanon[47]
Ukraina 1[23]
Total 13,817

* Cacah kang bener durung bisa dikonfirmasi.

Pemimpin UNIFIL

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Utusan Sekretaris Jendral PBB kanggo Libanon Kidul

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Wiwit Nganti Jeneng Nagara
Maret 1978 Jean Cuq Perancis
2000 15 Januari 2001 Rolf Goran Knutsson Swèdhen
15 Januari 2001 April 2005 Staffan de Mistura Swèdhen
April 2005 Saiki Geir Pedersen Nurwègen

Komandan Pasukan

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Wiwit Nganti Jeneng Nagara
Maret 1978 Fèbruari 1981 Emmanuel A. Erskine Ghana
Fèbruari 1981 Mèi 1986 William Callaghan Irlandia
Juni 1986 Juni 1988 Gustav Hägglund Finlan
Juli 1988 Fèbruari 1993 Lars-Eric Wahlgren Swèdhen
Fèbruari 1993 Fèbruari 1995 Trond Furuhovde Nurwègen
April 1995 1 Oktober 1997 Stanislaw Franciszek Wozniak Polen
Fèbruari 1997 September 1999 Jioje Konousi Koronte Fiji
30 September 1999 1 Dhésèmber 1999 James Sreenan Irlandia
16 November 1999 15 Mèi 2001 Seth Kofi Obeng Ghana
15 Mèi 17 Agustus 2001 Ganesan Athmanathan India
17 Agustus 2001 17 Fèbruari 2004 Lalit Mohan Tewari India
17 Fèbruari 2004 2 Fèbruari 2007 Alain Pellegrini Perancis
2 Fèbruari 2007 Saiki Claudio Graziano Italia

Komandan Gugus Tugas Maritim

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Wiwit Nganti Jeneng Nagara
September 2006 16 Oktober 2006 Giuseppe De Giorgi Italia
16 Oktober 2006 Maret 2007 Andreas Krause Jerman
Maret 2007 September 2007 Karl-Wilhelm Bollow Jerman
September 2007 Saiki Christian Luther Jerman


Cathetan

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  1. ↑ a b "Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970 - 1978)" (PDF). Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. United Nations. kc. §275–279. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2012-02-07. Dibukak ing 2006-08-06.
  2. ↑ a b "Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 6 (1979 - 1984)" (PDF). Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. United Nations. kc. §185–§199. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2012-02-07. Dibukak ing 2006-08-06.
  3. ↑ http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=23593&Cr=lebanon&Cr1=
  4. ↑ United Nations Security Council extends UN force in Lebanon until 31 July, unanimously adopting Resolution 1655 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
  5. ↑ United Nations Security Council extends United Nations force in Lebanon, unanimously adopting Resolution 1697 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
  6. ↑ United Nations Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israèl, unanimously adopting Resolution 1701 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
  7. ↑ a b c d e Asian Tribune U.N. Force Looks More European, Less Multinational Accessed September 14, 2006
  8. ↑ a b Komunikasi Expatica Loro jendral Bèlgi tugas ing Libanon [1] Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
  9. ↑ Brudirect.com News Brunei Troops To Join Malaysia In Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
  10. ↑ Daily Express Accord on Trans-Borneo Highway Accessed September 14, 2006
  11. ↑ Naharnet Bulgaria Approves Sending 160-Crew Frigate to Lebanon Accessed September 30, 2006
  12. ↑ MonstersandCritics.com Lebanon latest hotspot as China deploys peacekeepers Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
  13. ↑ a b Haaretz China to send as many as 1,000 peackeeping troops to Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
  14. ↑ Danish Navy 2 missilfartøjer men ingen korvet til Libanon Accessed October 2, 2006
  15. ↑ Helsingin Sanomat President approves Lebanon force Accessed September 14, 2006
  16. ↑ a b c Herald Tribune Ireland to deploy 150 troops to United Nations force in Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
  17. ↑ a b EiTB24 Italian troops land in Lebanon strengthening renewed UNIFIL. Retrieved 14 September 2006. [pranala mati]
  18. ↑ FrontPageMagazine.com Making the Ceasefire Stick. Retrieved 14 September 2006.
  19. ↑ Associated Press French Tanks Give Teeth to U.N. Force Accessed September 14, 2006
  20. ↑ Forbes France in Lebanon: the strength of hesitation Accessed September 14, 2006
  21. ↑ a b MonstersandCritics.com Germany sends troops to Lebanon[pranala mati permanèn] Accessed September 14, 2006
  22. ↑ a b c d China Daily Germany oks Lebanon mission Accessed September 14, 2006
  23. ↑ a b c Raw Story Media, Inc. UN opens meeting on Lebanon troops Archived 2009-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
  24. ↑ "Greece begins its peacekeeping drive in Lebanon: Frigate has orders to fire if need be". Kathimerini. 2006-09-09. {{cite news}}: Text "url:http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_100004_09/09/2006_74016" ignored (pitulung)
  25. ↑ IndianMuslims.info India to keep existing troops in UNIFIL for 'time being' Accessed September 14, 2006
  26. ↑ a b Raw Story Media, Inc. Indonesian soldiers off to Lebanon in late September Accessed September 14, 2006
  27. ↑ Helsingin Sanomat Indonesian leader praises Finns for contribution to Aceh peace process Accessed September 14, 2006
  28. ↑ The Irish Times 150 Irish troops to join UN interim force in Lebanon[pranala mati permanèn] Accessed September 14, 2006
  29. ↑ Italian Army [2] Accessed April 3, 2007
  30. ↑ ANSA Peacekeepers need political support[pranala mati permanèn] Accessed September 14, 2006
  31. ↑ Jung, Sung-ki (June 21, 2007). "Peacekeeping Unit for Lebanon Created". Koréa Times. Koréa Times. Dibukak ing 31 August 2007.
  32. ↑ "South Korean troops arrive in Lebanon to join UN peacekeepers". The Associated Press. Haaretz, Israèl News. July 19, 2007. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 26 August 2007. Dibukak ing 31 August 2007.
  33. ↑ Korea Picks Site for Military Camp in Lebanon, Koréa Times. Koréa Times, April 6, 2007, Retrieved on August 31, 2007.
  34. ↑ Bernama.com
  35. ↑ Malaysia's Prime Minister's Office
  36. ↑ a b Islamic Republic News Agency Nepal to send 850 troops to war torn Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
  37. ↑ a b PeaceJournalism.com Annan Ends his Visit to Beirut after Touring War-Ravaged South Lebanon Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
  38. ↑ a b Netherlands Ministry of Defence NEDERLANDS MARINESCHIP NAAR LIBANON Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed October 2, 2006
  39. ↑ a b Herald Tribune Norway to send four ships, crew to U.N. peacekeeping force for Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
  40. ↑ Sending MTBs Accessed October 2, 2006
  41. ↑ Raw Story Media, Inc. Poland to boost Lebanon UNIFIL force to 500 troops Accessed September 14, 2006
  42. ↑ Naharnet Portuguese UNIFIL Troops to Head to Lebanon Next Week Accessed October 28, 2006
  43. ↑ Syrian Arab News Agency Russia Sends 1200 Soldiers to Lebanon Archived 2009-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed September 14, 2006
  44. ↑ People's Daily Online Spanish troops hope to help speed up Israèli withdrawal from Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
  45. ↑ Daily Star Western envoys discuss deployments to UNIFIL Accessed September 14, 2006
  46. ↑ Swedish armed forces HMS Gävle på väg søderut Archived 2006-10-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed October 2, 2006
  47. ↑ a b Turkish Weekly The Turkish UNIFIL Troops Set off for Lebanon Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed November 9, 2006

Uga delengen

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Sumber

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Pranala njaba

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